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Transcript
LS.3 Cellular Organization The student will investigate and understand that living things show patterns of cellular organization. LS.3 Cellular Organization, Functions & Processes • Cellular Organization • Unicellular – only one cell carries out all work • Multicellular- 2 or more cells share work • Functions & Processes- shape of cell can show you what its function is. • Respiration • Growth • Cellular Transport Shape & Function go Together!!! • The Shape of a Cell can Tell You What its Function Is!!! 4 Unicellular vs. Multicellular • Unicellular • Bacteria, Fungi, Protist= yeast, diatoms, archaebacteria • Multicellular • Animals, Plants, some Fungi, some Protist Cellular Organization • Cells • Smallest part of every living thing Cellular Organization • Tissue • Similar cells working together • 4 major tissue types in animals • Epithelial tissue • Connective tissue • Muscle tissue • Nervous tissue Cellular Organization • Organ • Groups of tissues working together to do a specific job • Ex. • Heart, lungs, stomach Cellular Organization • Organ system • Organs working together to do a specific job • Examples: • Digestive system • Circulatory system • Respiratory system • Nervous system • Muscular system • Skeletal system • Integumentary system (skin) • Vascular system in plants Cellular Organization • Organism • A living thing made up of organ systems working together • Examples: • • • • A single person A single plant A single bacterium A single protist Cellular Organization Place the levels of cellular organization in order from largest to smallest. HOW DOES OUR BODY WORK TOGETHER TO CIRCULATE BLOOD? The HEART (Organ) HEART TISSUES HEART CELLS Organelles CIRCULATORY SYSTEM Ex. Of Cellular Organization Bone cells Bone Tissue Bone Human Skeletal System GROUP CHALLENGE GAME! • Who remembers the rules? • RULES: • Work as a team to answer the questions • Keep your answers secret until time is called • No talking while your answers are raised • No cheering or booing • Team with the most points wins! • ARE YOU READY? QUESTION 1 1. Which of the following is a unicellular organism? a. human c. bacteria b. lion d. tree QUESTION 2 2. The structure that regulates what enters and leaves the cell is called a. the nucleus. b. the nuclear membrane. c. the cell wall. d. the cell membrane. QUESTION 3 3. Only eukaryotic cells have a. DNA. c. ribosomes. b. membrane-bound organelles. d. cytoplasm. QUESTION 4 4. A structure within a cell that performs a specific function is called a(n) a.organelle. b.tissue. c.organ tissue. d.biocenter. QUESTION 5 5. Which cell structure controls most cell activities? a. cytoplasm c. cell membrane b. nucleus d. chloroplast QUESTION 6 6. Organisms composed of more than one cell are called ____________. a. unicellular c. multicellular b. virus d. tissue QUESTION 7 7. Which of these is a unicellular organism? A C B D QUESTION 8 8. Multicellular organisms are made up of more than one kind of cell because: a. unicellular organisms can’t move so don’t need lots of cells. b. multicellular organisms are more complex than unicellular organisms and need different cells for different functions. c. unicellular organisms don’t do all the seven things living things do. d. multicellular organisms don’t get energy. QUESTION 9 9. Which of the following is the correct order of organization of structures in living things, from simplest to most complex? a. organ systems, organs, tissues, cells b. tissues, cells, organs, organ systems c. cells, tissues, organ systems, organs d. cells, tissues, organs, organ systems QUESTION 10 10. Which of the following lists an organism’s levels of cellular organization in order from SMALLEST to LARGEST? a. tissues, cells, organ systems, organs b. cells, organs, tissues, organ systems c. tissues, cells, organs, organ system d. cells, tissues, organs, organ systems QUESTION 11 11. What is the name for a group of cells that work together to perform a certain task in an organism? a. tissue c. species b. organ d. genius Snapshot 1. Write cellular organization in order from smallest to largest. 2. Tissues are made up of ___________. 3. The nervous system is made up of the brain, which is a ____________. Cellular Transport • Moving things in and out of cell • Water, nutrients, carbon dioxide • 2 Types • Passive • Does not use energy • Active • Uses energy. Passive Cellular Transport • Passive Cellular Transport • Transporting substances in and out of the cell without using energy • Diffusion– movement from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration • Lot to little • Ex. O2, & CO2, Water diffuses across a membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. Semi-permeable membrane is permeable to water, but not to sugar Types of Diffusion • Osmosis—Diffusion of water across a membrane ANALOGY: Tossing a Ball on a Hill ENERGY NEEDED: Active Transport NO ENERGY NEEDED: Diffusion Osmosis Facilitated Diffusion On your desk you need: 1. 2. 3. 4. Cell transport notes Science binder A pencil or pen Cell transport foldable homework Snapshot 1. Diffusion is the movement of substances from ___. 2. The diffusion of water across a membrane is called ______________. 3. Cellular transport that does not require energy is called _____________________. 4. Which way would the salt move in the cell below Snapshot 1. Diffusion is the movement of substances from ___. 2. The diffusion of water across a membrane is called ______________. 3. Cellular transport that does not require energy is called _____________________. 4. Which way would the salt move in the cell below Cell Transport Vocabulary • Using your notes: • Describe the word • Draw a picture that represents it • Say what it reminds you of in real life 1. 2. 3. 4. Cell transport Osmosis Diffusion Cell membrane Benchmark Review: write one question for each topic below that could be asked on your benchmark test • Ls.1 • Scientific Method & Measurement tools • LS.2 • Cell theory • Cell organelles • What makes plant cells and animal cells different? • The cell cycle • LS.3 • Cellular Organization • Cellular Transport • Cell Processes Functions & Processes: Growth– getting bigger Unicellular • One cell increases in size • Ex. Bacterium grows larger Multicellular • Multicellular – increase in number of cells • Ex. Making more muscle cells Cellular Processes– Asexual Reproduction • Asexual- new organism (offspring) made from one organism( identical to parent) • Unicellular Organisms • Cell divides to create new offspring by itself. • Examples: Fission & Mitosis • Multicellular • Organism creates new offspring by itself • Ex. Cell division & Budding– • Organism grows off of parent Cellular Processes– Sexual Reproduction • Two organisms combine genetic material (DNA) to create new offspring • Half DNA of each parent. • Ex. Unicellular Protist undergo Meiosis & fertilization • Ex. Apple tree being fertilized from pollen of a different apple tree using Meiosis & Fertilization Cellular Processes– Digestion • Digestion– breaking food down into small molecules & nutrients cells can absorb • Ex.. H2O, C6H12O6 or Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic acids • Unicellular • Use organelles to break down substances • Multicellular uses organ systems to break down substances Digestion Cellular Processes– Waste Removal • Excretion- removal of waste products from an organism or cell • Unicellular • Use organelles to remove substances • Ex. Golgi Bodies & cell membrane • Multicellular • Uses organ systems to remove waste • Ex. Breathing out CO2 Excretion Cellular Processes Foldable • Create a foldable with 5flaps • Describe the process in your words • Draw a picture for each Growth Digestion Excretion Asexual Reproduction Sexual Reproduction Cell ular Pro ces ses Cellular Processes Group Poster • Within your group • Create a poster on the cell process that your group drew • • • • Write a description Draw a picture Give an example using a real organism Present the poster to the class– everyone in the group must participate. On your desk you need: • Your snapshot • LS.3 notes • Cellular organization & Cell processes • A sharpened pencil or a pen • Cell processes foldable • Please, put your book bags on your chair or under your feet. Snapshot Bacteria Dog 1. Is it unicellular or multicellular 2. Which kingdom(s) could it belong to: __________ 3. How does it grow? 1. Is it unicellular or multicellular 2. Which kingdom(s) could it belong to: __________ 3. How does it grow? Snapshot Bacteria Dog 1. Is it unicellular or multicellular 2. Which kingdom(s) could it belong to: __________ 3. How does it grow? 1. Is it unicellular or multicellular 2. Which kingdom(s) could it belong to: __________ 3. How does it grow? Ingestion • Taking substances into the organism • Unicellular • Through the cell membrane • Cell transport • Multicellular • Through the mouth or oral opening • http://youtu.be/pvOz 4V699gk Response to Stimulus • Stimulus– something that triggers a response • Ex. Sunlight or pain • Response – a reaction • Ex. Movement • All living things respond to stimuli Respiration: • process cells use to break down food and make energy • All living things need energy • occurs in mitochondria • 2 Types 1. Aerobic 2. Anaerobic 1. Aerobic Respiration • w/ Oxygen (air) • Combine oxygen (air) & glucose (sugar) • Create water, carbon dioxide, & energy (ATP) • Chemical Equation: • 6O2 + C6H12O6 6H2O +6CO2+ ATP • Best type of respiration • Makes most energy • Doesn’t hurt cells (water and CO2 ) 2. Anaerobic Respiration • Without Air or Oxygen • Also known as Fermentation • Creates little bit of energy but hurts organism • End products = lactic acid, alcohol, & carbon dioxide • Ex. Muscle Cramps Snapshot 1. What are the reactants of photosynthesis? 2. Where in the cell does photosynthesis take place? 3. Which type of respiration is the best? 4. Respiration is used to create ________ for living things. 5. Respiration occurs inside of the __________. 6. Write out the equation for respiration. • Circle the reactants and draw a box around the products. Test Today Hooray!!!! Review Notes!! Vocabulary Terms– define the following vocabulary terms following the example given. • Digestion • Energy • Excretion • Growth • Organ • Photosynthesis • Reproduction • Respiration • System • Tissue • Osmosis • Diffusion • Active transport Journal: • Which part of LS.3 do you understand the most? Which part of LS.3 still confuses you? Why do you feel that way? What do you think could help you?