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The Renaissance and Humanism Europe, 1100s-1300s What was the Renaissance? • A time of creativity and change. • Renaissance means “rebirth” • Rebirth of art, literature, and science after the Middle Ages. Before the Renaissance… • • • • It was the Middle Ages Most people lived on manors under feudalism Most people were serfs Most people could not read or write Before the Renaissance… • There was no money economy • Art revolved around the church Causes of the Renaissance • Crusades caused an increase in trade • Money gained importance Causes of the Renaissance • Bubonic Plague caused a decline in the population. • Labor became scarce. • Serfs could demand more rights, including the right to be paid for their labor. • Serfs could also leave the manor in search of better opportunities. • Many moved to cities in search of a better life. Causes of the Renaissance • Commercial Revolution created a money economy Causes of the Renaissance • Merchants became wealthy and had extra money to spend • Much of the extra money was spent on art Where did it begin? • The Renaissance began in Italy. Why did it begin in Italy? • Italian city-states were centers of trade • Merchants in these cities were wealthy • They had extra money to spend on the arts New Ways of Thinking • During the Middle Ages, art and literature focused on religious themes and life after death. New Ways of Thinking • During the Renaissance, thinkers began to focus on life in the present. • Renaissance thinkers developed a new way of thinking called Humanism. Humanism What word do you see in “humanism”? HUMAN! This should help you remember what it means. Humanism: • a new way of thinking that humans could achieve things on their own without God. • The idea that humans are powerful and that their achievements should be celebrated. • This often comes up in the multiple choice section of the regents exam! Artistic Achievements • Art was supported by wealthy merchants • Artists rejected medieval art and returned to Greek and Roman styles (*rebirth*) • Art reflected humanist concerns – Realistic – Painted every day people and events Famous Artists • Michelangelo: painted the Sistine Chapel • Leonardo da Vinci: Mona Lisa, sketches of anatomy Literary Achievements • During the Middle Ages, books were written in Latin and few could read them. • During the Renaissance, books were written in everyday language (English, Spanish, French) so more people could read. • This reflected humanism • Everyday language=vernacular Famous Writers Shakespeare: Wrote about the joys and sorrows of human life. Machiavelli: • Wrote about the best way for leaders to rule • Believed it was better to be feared than loved • Believed the ends justify the means Summary of the Renaissance • • • • Period in Europe after the Middle Ages A *rebirth* of learning, art, and science Rise of humanism Many famous artists and writers reflected humanism in their work