Download Renaissance and Reformation

Renaissance and
Reformation
February 20, 2014
Essential Question
• What does the term “Renaissance” mean?
• Why is the Renaissance period so significant in European
history?
The Renaissance
• Renaissance- literally means “rebirth.”
• The Renaissance occurred in Europe (beginning in Italy) from
about 1350 to about 1550.
• This was a time period when European society focused a
tremendous amount of time, money, and effort in trying to
figure out how to make life and society better.
• As a result, this time period saw a tremendous explosion in
learning, art, and literature.
• During this era, European society changed more than in the
preceding 1,000 years.
The Renaissance
• Many of history’s most influential thinkers, writers, and artists
came out of this period.
• Men such as:
• Machiavelli, Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, Johannes
Gutenberg, William Shakespeare-and many others
• New ideas about the worth of the individual, rights of
individuals, and the responsibilities of government began to be
formulated and discussed
Think, Pair, Share
• In the space provided on your advance organizer, give a quick
response to these questions:
• Why do you think the Renaissance occurred when it did?
• Why do you think the Renaissance began where it did?
• When I direct you, pair with the student next to you and discuss
your responses.
• Upon my direction, pairs will meet with another pair and
discuss responses.
Ticket Out The Door
• In the space provided, list at least 3-5 things about the
Renaissance which you are curious about (things you would
really like to know, or questions which you really want
answered).
• Make sure your name is upon your paper.
• Give me your paper on the way out of the door (upon my
dismissal, not the bell)
Essential Question
• How does an increase in wealth also often lead to an increase in
learning?
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Think About This…
• What would you do if you had $1 million to spend however you
wanted or to do with whatever you wanted? Where would you
go? What would you do? How would you spend it? What would
you invest in?
Read & Respond
• Read pgs. 611-613 “The Rise of Italy’s City-States”
• As you read, construct a Cause/Effect Chart with at least 5
Cause & Effect Relationships
• Use the following questions to guide you in the construction of
your Cause/Effect chart:
• Why and How did Italy’s city-states become wealthy?
• What happened to Italian city-states as a result of this newfound wealth?
Essential Question
• Who was Marco Polo?
• How does Marco Polo’s life illustrate the renewed interest of
Europeans in other lands and cultures?
Game Time
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Divide into 2 teams
I need a volunteer assistant
We will be playing “Around the World”
Listen carefully to rules
No cheating!!
Marco Polo
• Born in 1254 to a wealthy merchant family in Venice, Italy
• At age 17 (in 1271), Marco traveled with his father and uncle to
China-to the court of the great Kublai Khan-grandson of Ghengis
Khan
• Marco wouldn’t return to Venice for 23 years (in 1294)
• Worked for the Khan as a special envoy- meaning he carried out
duties for the Khan and traveled to the far reaches of his empire
• Eventually authored a book, The Travels of Marco Polo, where he
told of his travels-what he had seen and where he had been.
Marco Polo
• In his lifetime, most people did not believe Marco Polo
• Still, he represents the renewed interest of Europeans in other
lands and cultures. How?
• Renewed trade between East and West
• His stories sparked the interest of later explorers
Wealth Within Cities
• Essential Question:
 What impact did the Medici family have on the Renaissance,
specifically in the areas of art and literature?
Suppose:
• You live in a city that has only recently started recovering from
a terrible tragedy in which many citizens died. You believe the
city can not only recover, but can actually become much better
than it ever was before. To accomplish this, though, you know
the city needs to have two things: (1) a vision for the future
and (2) pride in itself and its accomplishments. You believe that
both of these things can be reached easily by rebuilding a
public venue for arts and entertainment. Your idea is grand:
build in the most modern style, decorate with the most lavish
paintings and sculptures, and make it the home and showcase
of the world’s top artists. Simple, right? What 1 thing must you
have to make your dreams become reality?
Necessity of Finance
• Nothing ever gets accomplished without the proper financing in
place-either in modern times or historically.
• The Renaissance would never have occurred without the growing
wealth of Italian city-states to finance learning and arts.
• By far, the most wealthy and powerful city during the Renaissance
was Florence (Italy).
• The family that controlled Florence during much of this time
period was the Medici family- who rose to prominence as bankers!
Medici Family
• Came to prominence as bankers and business owners in
Florence
• They became the “bankers” of the Renaissance
• They sponsored many of the artists who created the great masterpieces
of art associated with the Renaissance. (Patronage)
• Also sponsored or financed other craftsmen and the knowledge and
research that made possible the creation of great works
Renaissance Government
• Essential Question(s)
• According to Machiavelli, what was the ultimate purpose and function of
government?
• Why did he feel that way?
• How did he propose government should act towards its citizens?
• How are these ideas alike/different from modern ideas of government?
Urban Nobles and Renaissance Government
• Rich merchants and land owning nobles blended to form the
upper class of Italy’s city-states.
• At first, city-states were republics-government controlled by its
citizens (select few were actually citizens)
• Eventually turned to more of a dictator style of governmentwhere one powerful man controlled the government.
• Rulers had to keep the poor from rebelling and other wealthy
families/individuals from seizing power.
• This required them to make deals with everyone-merchants,
landlords, bankers, church officials, etc.
• Also had to deal with the leaders of other city-states
(diplomacy)
Machiavelli’s Ideas of Government
• Government official from Florence
• Wrote a book called The Prince
• People are greedy and self-centered
• Rulers should not try to be good
• Should do whatever is necessary to keep power and protect city
Renaissance Humanism
• Essential Questions:
• What is Humanism?
• How did Humanism impact European civilization?
Renaissance Humanism
• Humanism- Renaissance movement based on the values of the
ancient Greeks and Romans, such as that individuals and human
society were important.
• Basically, humanism is a way of looking at the world that focuses on the
worth and ability of the individual and upon human accomplishments
• This was a new way of understanding the world-as opposed to
the medieval way of understanding the world, which was based
upon the Catholic Church
• Why do you suppose the rise of humanism occurred when it
did?
Renaissance Humanism
• Question: Since humanism is a focus on the worth and ability of
the individual and the importance of society rather than on
religious values, were Renaissance humanists anti-religious?
• Answer: No. This is important to understand—Renaissance
humanists still considered themselves to be members of the
Catholic Church and in fact often were very devoutly religious
with many being priests or other religious officials. However,
they believed that the person and what the person could
accomplish was important and not simply the ideas and desires
of the Catholic Church and its leadership.
Renaissance Humanism
• Francesco Petrarch
Considered the Father of Renaissance Humanism
Poet and Scholar (and priest) who lived in the 1300s
Studied the ancient Roman writers (like Cicero)
Wrote biographies of famous Romans
Encouraged Europeans to search for Latin manuscripts in monasteries
across Europe
• Through his efforts, many ancient manuscripts were found and new
libraries were built to house them
• As the knowledge contained within these manuscripts became known,
more people began studying ancient works- both in books, buildings,
statues, etc- to gain knowledge.
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Renaissance Humanism
• So, what did humanists study?
• Art, Literature, Science, Religion-among others
• Divide into groups of 2-3.
• In your groups, discuss/debate your assigned topic
• Come up with some predictions about the impact humanism will
have upon your assigned topic.
• Write predictions down in provided space.
• Complete reflection questions and turn in organizer before leaving
class.
The Printing Press and Vernacular
• Essential Questions:
• How did advances in printing affect culture?
• How did the change from Latin to vernacular language affect culture?
Renaissance Art and Architecture
• Essential Questions:
• How did art and architecture in the Renaissance period change from art
and architecture in the Medieval period?
• Why are the changes that took place (in Renaissance art and
architecture) a reflection of the development and transmission of
European culture?
Examples of the Differences Between
Medieval Art and Renaissance Art
• The following slides contain pictures of both Medieval and
Renaissance art. Analyze each image using the things we have
talked about. Look for the use or absence of such things as
perspective, chiaroscuro, realism, and capturing of emotions.
Write down your observations about each piece of art, and
make sure you know which observation goes with which piece
of art.
Medieval Art Example #1 and #2
Medieval Art Example #3 and #4
Mona Lisa by Leonardo da Vinci
The Last Supper by Leonardo da Vinci
Miraculous Draught of Fishes by Raphael
The Transfiguration by Raphael
Pieta by Michelangelo
Renaissance Art
• Look back over your notes. What conclusions can you draw
about Renaissance art? In what ways does it differ from
Medieval art? How does Renaissance art illustrate the ideas of
humanism? How does Renaissance art illustrate the
development of European culture?
• Write a 1-3 paragraph essay answering these questions. Use
details and give examples.
Northern Renaissance
• Essential Questions:
• What is the Northern Renaissance and how is it alike or different from
the Italian Renaissance?
Northern Renaissance Foldable
• Front Cover- picture
• Page 2- At least 5 facts about the differences between the
Northern Renaissance and the Italian Renaissance
• Page 3- Explain William Shakespeare’s contributions to the
Northern Renaissance
• Back Cover- Contrast an artist from the Italian Renaissance (for
example: da Vinci) with an artist from the Northern
Renaissance (for example: van Eyck)
• Information can be found on pages 625-626
Focus on William Shakespeare
• Essential Question:
• Explain how that William Shakespeare changed the way that we view and
understand literature.