Download Psychiatric Illness

Psychiatric Illness
In the medical arena
psychiatry is a fairly
recent field
A challenging field –
Numerous diagnosis
12,000,000 children –
infants through 18 y/o
nation wide
5,000,000 suffer severely
Serious depression affects
1 in 50 children
Suicide 3rd leading cause of
death 15-19 years old
Drug Names/Classifications
Drugs have 2 names
Brand Name/Trade Name - Manufacturers
Generic Name - (usually okay)
Example: Tylenol – brand or trade name
Acetaminophen – generic name
Psychotropics
Drugs are tested on Adults – not children when
FDA approves a drug.
When FDA approves drug, physician may apply its
use for other than intended use.
Growing bodies present unique challenges.
More than three medications – red flag
Children easily overmedicated.
Psychotropics
ALL DRUGS CAN PRODUCE SIDE EFFECTS
Old class drugs more prone to produce:
– Extrapyramidal Symptoms – side effects w/use of
antipsychotics characterized by restlessness and involuntary
rolling of the tongue or twitching of the face, trunk, or limbs.
TardiveDyskinesia - usually occurring (above) as a
complication of long-term therapy with antipsychotic drugs;
more likely to be permanent
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome - a life-threatening,
neurological disorder most often caused by an adverse
reaction to neuroleptic or antipsychotic drugs. Symptoms
include high fever, sweating, unstable blood pressure, stupor,
muscular rigidity, and autonomic dysfunction.
Mental Health Diagnosis – Anxiety
Includes panic disorder, generalized anxiety
disorder (GAD), post-traumatic stress disorder
(PTSD), phobias, and separation anxiety
disorder; Anxiety Disorders are the most
common class of mental disorders present in the
general population.
Psychotropics: Anxiety Medications
Anxiolytics
– Benzodiazepine
– NonBenzodiazepine
SSRI’s (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors)
generally considered the mainstay drugs for depression,
they are also considered first-line drugs for anxiety disorders.
Tricyclic antidepressants
panic d/o and OCD
Beta-blockers
considerably less effective than BZDs and SSRIs for panic
disorders.
Psychotropics: Anxiety Medications
Newer Anxiolytics
designed to alleviate emotional anxiety and stress
– Benzodiazepine Anxiolytics
Generic
• Alprazolam
• Chlordiazepoxide
• Clonazepam
• Diazepam
• Lorazepam
• Others
Brand Name
Xanax
Librium
klonopin
Valium
Ativan
Psychotropics: Anxiety Medications
-- NonBenzodiazepine Anxiolytics
• BuSpar (often used for BiPolar)
• Vistaril (Anti anxiety)
Newer SSRI’s (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors)
Affects Serotonin in the brain
Drugs used in the treatment of depression, anxiety, as well as certain
personality disorders
Produce fewer side effects
Common Side effects: dry mouth, somnolence, weight gain, appetite
increase/decrease
Psychotropics: Anxiety Medications
Names of some SSRI’s:
Citalopram: Celexa
Fluoxetine: Prozac
Escitalopram: Lexapro
Sertaline: Zoloft
Paroxetine: Paxil
Psychotropics: Anxiety Medications
Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs)
affects serotonin and norepinephrine in the brain
• Generic
Brand Name
Clomiprimine
• Amitriptyline
Anafranil
Elavil
•
Mental Health Diagnosis –
Psychotic Disorders
characterized by dysregulation of thought processes
a group of serious illnesses that affect the mind – they can alter a person's
ability to think clearly, make good judgments, respond emotionally,
communicate effectively, understand reality, and behave appropriately. When
symptoms are severe, people with psychotic disorders have difficulty staying
in touch with reality and often are unable to meet the ordinary demands of
daily life. Schizophreniform, Dementia, Delusional Disorder, Schizoaffective
Disorder, and Schizophrenia.
Schizophrenia is a group of severe brain disorders in which people interpret
reality abnormally. Schizophrenia may result in some combination of
hallucinations, delusions, and disordered thinking and behavior; it’s a chronic
condition, requiring lifelong treatment. Mayo Clinic Definition
Typical Antipsychotics
can be very effective but are more likely -- in
some cases highly likely -- than the atypical
(second generation) antipsychotics to cause
extrapyramidal side effects and tardive
dyskinesia.
Typical Antipsychotics
Generic
haloperidol
fluphenazine
chlorpromazine
trifluoperazine
thioridazine
Brand Name
Haldol
Prolixin
Thorazine
Stelazine
Mellaril
Atypical Antipsychotics
…are the ―newer‖ or second generation of
antipsychotics
… are the first line treatment for Schizophrenia
and other psychotic disorders.
Atypical Antipsychotics
Generic
• Aripiprazole
• Ziprasidone
• Risperidone
• Quetiepine
• Olanzapine
Brand Names
Abilify
Geodon
Risperdal
Seroquel
Zyprexa
Mental Health Diagnosis
Mood Disorders
Four basic forms of mood disorders are major
depression, cyclothymia (a mild form of bipolar
disorder), SAD (seasonal affective disorder) and
mania (euphoric, hyperactive, over inflated ego,
unrealistic optimism.)
Bipolar Disorders
Mental Health Diagnosis - Bipolar
Bipolar disorder — sometimes called manic-depressive
disorder — is a mood disorder associated with mood
swings that range from the lows of depression to the
highs of mania.
Mayo Clinic
Although bipolar disorder often worsens over time if
untreated, most people with bipolar disorder can
achieve stabilization of their mood swings and reduction
of symptoms with proper treatment. Treatment usually
consists of medications known as "mood stabilizers."
Medicine Net
Mental Health Diagnosis – Bipolar
Medications
Mental Health Diagnosis Depression
Depression is a medical illness that causes a persistent
feeling of sadness and loss of interest. Depression can
cause physical symptoms, too.
More than just a bout of the blues, depression isn't a
weakness, nor is it something that you can simply "snap
out" of. Depression is a chronic illness that usually
requires long-term treatment, like diabetes or high blood
pressure. Most people with depression feel better with
medication, psychological counseling or other
treatment.
Mayo Clinic
Psychotropics: Depression
Medications
Generic
Duloxetine
Desyrel
Venlafaxine
Mirtazapine
Brand name
Cymbalta
Trazodone
Effexor
Remeron