Download Review Unit 5

Unit 5 Vocabulary; Use the following word bank to make your choices and then check the next slide COMPOUND, COVALENT BOND, ELEMENT, MASS NUMBER, PARTICLE COMPOUND: A substance made up of the combined atoms of two or more elements. The proportion
of each element in a compound is constant (i.e. water is always 2-parts Hydrogen and
1-part Oxygen).
ELEMENT:
A substance in which all the atoms (basic units of matter) in a sample are the same.
Elements CANNOT be split into simpler substances by a chemical reaction.
PARTICLE:
One of the extremely small parts of matter such as an atom or molecule. Protons and
neutrons are located at the center of the atom called the nucleus. (Atoms consist of
smaller particles such as protons, electrons, neutrons)
COVALENT BOND:
A chemical bond that involves the sharing of electrons between atoms.
MASS NUMBER:
Is the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in an atom’s nucleus.
Unit 5 Vocabulary; Use the following word bank to make your choices and then check the next slide COMPOUND, COVALENT BOND, ELEMENT, MASS NUMBER, PARTICLE COMPOUND: A substance made up of the combined atoms of two or more elements. The proportion
of each element in a compound is constant (i.e. water is always 2-parts Hydrogen and
1-part Oxygen).
ELEMENT:
A substance in which all the atoms (basic units of matter) in a sample are the same.
Elements CANNOT be split into simpler substances by a chemical reaction.
PARTICLE:
One of the extremely small parts of matter such as an atom or molecule. Protons and
neutrons are located at the center of the atom called the nucleus. (Atoms consist of
smaller particles such as protons, electrons, neutrons)
COVALENT BOND:
A chemical bond that involves the sharing of electrons between atoms.
MASS NUMBER:
Is the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in an atom’s nucleus.
Unit 5 Vocabulary; Use the following word bank to make your choices and then check the next slide ATOMIC NUMBER, CHEMICALLY STABLE, ION, IONIC BOND, ISOTOPE, NUCLEUS ATOMIC NUMBER: the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, which determines the chemical
properties of an element and its place in the periodic table.
NUCLEUS:
The positively charged center of an atom that contains protons and neutrons
(except hydrogen which has just one proton).
CHEMICALLY STABLE: Elements that are nonreactive because their last electron shell is
completely filled with 8 electrons. (e.g. Neon, Argon, Krypton.)
ISOTOPE:
Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons; for example,
carbon-12, carbon 13, carbon-14.
IONIC BOND: A type of chemical bond formed by the attraction between opposite charges of the
ions in an ionic compound.
ION:
An atom that has an electrical charge because the number of protons and
electrons are not equal
Unit 5 Vocabulary; Use the following word bank to make your choices and then check the next slide ATOMIC NUMBER, CHEMICALLY STABLE, ION, IONIC BOND, ISOTOPE, NUCLEUS ATOMIC NUMBER: the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, which determines the chemical
properties of an element and its place in the periodic table.
NUCLEUS:
The positively charged center of an atom that contains protons and neutrons
(except hydrogen which has just one proton).
CHEMICALLY STABLE: Elements that are nonreactive because their last electron shell is
completely filled with 8 electrons. (e.g. Neon, Argon, Krypton.)
ISOTOPE:
Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons; for example,
carbon-12, carbon 13, carbon-14.
IONIC BOND: A type of chemical bond formed by the attraction between opposite charges of the
ions in an ionic compound.
ION:
An atom that has an electrical charge because the number of protons and
electrons are not equal
ELECTROLYSIS: The process by which some liquid compounds in solu=on are decomposed (broken apart) into their parts by passing electricity through them. Study the diagram and be able to explain what is happening! ELECTROLYSIS: The process by which some liquid compounds in solu=on are decomposed (broken apart) into their parts by passing electricity through them. Study the diagram and be able to explain what is happening! Claim Electrolyzing water causes the water molecules to decompose into hydrogen and oxygen gas
Evidence The sodium nitrate solution (mostly water) was decomposed in each test tube. Hydrogen atoms
went to the cathode (-) and the oxygen atoms went to the anode (+). The water molecule is made
up of twice as many hydrogen atoms as oxygen atoms.
Reasoning Positive hydrogen atoms are pulled to the (-) cathode and negative oxygen atoms are pulled to
the (+) anode.
Conserva=on of Mass Law states that maJer is neither created or destroyed during: 1. 2. 3. Conserva=on of Mass Law states that maJer is neither created or destroyed during: 1.  Phase changes 2.  Dissolving a solute into a solvent 3.  Chemical reac=on. SpliMng the Periodic Table (do not bother to memorize the elements – you can just look on your periodic table for which ones are metals and which ones are nonmetals) Metals Nonmetals SpliMng the Periodic Table (do not bother to memorize the elements – you can just look on your periodic table for which ones are metals and which ones are nonmetals) Metals Nonmetals Conducts electricity Does not conduct electricity Malleable Gas Solid Liquid Na Mg K Ca Sn Pb Mn Fe Ni Cu Zn U He Ne Ar C O F Si H Atomic Number KEY Gas ELEMENT Liquid SYMBOL Solid Atomic Mass Atomic Number KEY ELEMENT Liquid SYMBOL Solid Atomic Weight Metal Metalloid Gas Nonmetal Atomic Number KEY ELEMENT SYMBOL Atomic Weight ONE ONE Atomic Number KEY ELEMENT SYMBOL Atomic Weight THREE ONE Only when the atom is neutral! If the atom is an ion, the protons do not equal the electrons! Periodic Table Prac=ce (that you can use on the test) General Ques=ons 1)  What element has the chemical symbol Ni? What phase? 2)  What is the atomic number for Potassium? How many protons? 3)  Is the element with atomic number 54 reac=ve? Periodic Table Prac=ce (that you can use on the test) Mass quesRons. Assume each element is chemically stable and List: a) Atomic mass (to nearest whole number), b) number of protons, c) number of electrons, d) number of neutrons, Example: Chromium a)  52 b)  24 c)  24 d)  Atomic mass = P + N, N = AM – P = 52 – 24 = 28 Now you try these three: Iodine (I), Cobalt (Co), and Krypton (Kr), Atomic Number ELEMENT SYMBOL Atomic Mass Periodic Table Prac=ce (that you can use on the test) Mass quesRons. Assume each element is chemically stable and List: a) Atomic mass (to nearest whole number), b) number of protons, c) number of electrons, d) number of neutrons, Iodine a) b) c) d) Atomic Number ELEMENT SYMBOL Atomic Mass Periodic Table Prac=ce (that you can use on the test) Mass quesRons. Assume each element is chemically stable and List: a) Atomic mass (to nearest whole number), b) number of protons, c) number of electrons, d) number of neutrons, Iodine a)  127 b)  53 c)  53 d)  Atomic mass = P + N, N = AM – P N = 127 – 53 = 74 Atomic Number ELEMENT SYMBOL Atomic Mass Periodic Table Prac=ce (that you can use on the test) Mass quesRons. Assume each element is chemically stable and List: a) Atomic mass (to nearest whole number), b) number of protons, c) number of electrons, d) number of neutrons, Cobalt a) b) c) d) Atomic Number ELEMENT SYMBOL Atomic Mass Periodic Table Prac=ce (that you can use on the test) Mass quesRons. Assume each element is chemically stable and List: a) Atomic mass (to nearest whole number), b) number of protons, c) number of electrons, d) number of neutrons, Cobalt a)  59 b)  27 c)  27 d)  Atomic mass = P + N, N = AM – P N = 59 – 27 = 32 Atomic Number ELEMENT SYMBOL Atomic Mass Periodic Table Prac=ce (that you can use on the test) Mass quesRons. Assume each element is chemically stable and List: a) Atomic mass (to nearest whole number), b) number of protons, c) number of electrons, d) number of neutrons, Krypton a) b) c) d) Atomic Number ELEMENT SYMBOL Atomic Mass Periodic Table Prac=ce (that you can use on the test) Mass quesRons. Assume each element is chemically stable and List: a) Atomic mass (to nearest whole number), b) number of protons, c) number of electrons, d) number of neutrons, Krypton a)  84 b)  36 c)  36 d)  Atomic mass = P + N, N = AM – P N = 84 – 36 = 48 Atomic Number ELEMENT SYMBOL Atomic Mass What do I know about Atoms What do I know about Atoms What do I know about Atoms The chemical reac=on is using something in the air A chemical reac=on has taken place The empty test tube was the “control” used to compare with the experimental test tube Iron (from the steel wool) and Oxygen Iron oxide Reactants: Iron, Oxygen; Product: Iron oxide Iron + Oxygen ! Iron oxide 0.5 g 0 g 0.5 g Whenever a chemical reac=on occurs, the mass of the reactants always equals the mass of the products. (Some=mes some products are released to the environment, but they are never destroyed and they do not just disappear.) PRACTICE WITH YOUR PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS!! 1) Which of these atoms is more likely to form a compound with Calcium (Ca)? Nitrogen, Carbon, or Sulfur? 2) Name a solid nonmetal element that normally has 16 NEUTRONS in its nucleus. _______________ 3) Name the only two elements that are liquids at 22 degrees Celsius. ___________________________ 4) How many neutrons is found in the most common isotope of Copper? ____________ 5) How many protons, neutrons, and electrons are in one atom of the ion H+? _________________________ PRACTICE WITH YOUR PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS!! 1) Which of these atoms is more likely to form a compound with Calcium (Ca)? Nitrogen, Carbon, or Sulfur? 2) Name a solid nonmetal element that normally has 16 NEUTRONS in its nucleus. _______________ Sulfur 3) Name the only two elements that are liquids at 22 degrees Bromine and Mercury Celsius. ___________________________ 4) How many neutrons is found in the most common isotope of Copper? ____________ 35 5) How many protons, neutrons, and electrons are in one atom of the ion H+? _________________________ 1 proton, 0 neutrons, 0 electrons PRACTICE WITH YOUR PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS!! 6) How many protons, neutrons, and electrons in the most common form of An=mony? 7) Which of these elements is classified as a metalloid? Mercury, Silicon, Arsenic? 8) How many neutrons does Bromine have? 9) Rank order the four inert gasses with the fewest number of protons. 10) List five nonmetal solids by atomic number (lowest to highest) PRACTICE WITH YOUR PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS!! 6) How many protons, neutrons, and electrons in the most common form of An=mony? Protons: 51, electrons: 51, neutrons: 71 7) Which of these elements is classified as a metalloid? Mercury, Silicon, Arsenic? Silicon and Arsenic 8) How many neutrons does Bromine have? 80-­‐35 = 45 neutrons 9) Rank order the four inert gasses with the fewest number of protons. Helium 2, Neon 12, Argon 18, Krypton 36 10) List five nonmetal solids by atomic number (lowest to highest) Carbon 6, Phosphorus 15, Sulfur 16, Selenium 34, Iodine 53. PRACTICE WITH YOUR PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS!! 11) How many protons, neutrons, and electrons in the ion Mg+2 12) How many protons, neutrons, and electrons in the ion Cl-­‐1 13) How many protons, neutrons, and electrons in the ion P-­‐3 PRACTICE WITH YOUR PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS!! 11) How many protons, neutrons, and electrons in the ion Mg+2 Atomic number = Protons = 12, Atomic Mass = 24; Neutrons = 12; Electrons must be 2 less than the protons. Electrons = 10 12) How many protons, neutrons, and electrons in the ion Cl-­‐1 Protons = 17, Atomic Mass = 35; Neutrons = 18; Electrons = 18 13) How many protons, neutrons, and electrons in the ion P-­‐3 Protons = 15, Atomic Mass = 31; Neutrons = 16; Electrons = 18 Sodium, Oxygen, Hydrogen Sodium, Chlorine Nitrogen, hydrogen Hydrogen, Sulfur, Oxygen Silicon, Oxygen 1:1:1 1:1 1:3 2:1:4 1:2