Download raphael calel

RAPHAEL CALEL
LONDON SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS & POLITICAL SCIENCE
Placement officer:
Placement Assistant:
Professor Maitreesh Ghatak
Mrs Samantha Keenan
+44 (0)20 7852 3568
+44 (0)20 7955 7545
[email protected]
[email protected]
CONTACT DETAILS
Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment
London School of Economics & Political Science
Houghton Street, London WC2A 2AE, UK
[email protected]
EDUCATION
Ph.D. Environmental Economics, London School of Economics
2009–Present
Thesis title: “Emissions trading and Innovation: An evaluation of the European carbon market”
Expected completion: September 2013
M.Sc. Environmental and Resource Economics, University College London, Distinction 2009
B.A. Economics, University of Cambridge, 2.1 Honours (M.A. awarded in 2012)
REFEREES
Prof. Sam Fankhauser (Advisor)
Co-director
Grantham Research Institute
London School of Economics
Houghton Street
London, WC2A 2AE, UK
[email protected]
+44 (0)20 7107 5427
Dr. Cameron Hepburn
Senior Research Fellow
Grantham Research Institute
London School of Economics
Houghton Street
London, WC2A 2AE, UK
[email protected]
+44 (0)207 106 1229
Prof. Denny Ellerman
Part-time Professor
European University Institute
(Senior Lecturer, MIT Sloan School, retired)
36 Lancaster Street
Cambridge, MA 02140, USA
[email protected]
+1 617 492 6026
Dr. Melvyn Weeks
Senior Lecturer in Econometrics
Faculty of Economics
University of Cambridge
Sidgwick Avenue
Cambridge, CB3 9DD, UK
[email protected]
+44 (0)1223 335 260
DESIRED TEACHING AND RESEARCH
Primary fields: Environmental economics, Program evaluation
Secondary fields: Resource economics, Microeconomics
1
2008
TEACHING EXPERIENCE
Applied Environmental Economics, Teaching assistant
Introduction to Mathematics for Social Scientists, Teaching assistant
Post-Graduate Certificate of Higher Education
2010-2012
2011
2011
PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE
Oxera, Researcher
Competition Commission, Economic Researcher
2007–2008
2007
LANGUAGES
English and Swedish, Fluent spoken and written
CITIZENSHIP
Swedish
HONORS AND SCHOLARSHIPS
ESRC Studentship
2010
Grantham Institute Scholarship
2009
Prizes for ‘Best Overall Performance’ and ‘Highest Dissertation Mark’ for M.Sc.
2009
University College London, Department of Economics
Hedelius Scholarship, Jan Wallander and Tom Hedelius Foundation
2008 and 2009
COMPLETED PAPERS
Job market paper:
“Environmental Policy and Directed Technological Change: Evidence from the European carbon
market” (joint with Antoine Dechezleprêtre), Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change
and the Environment Working Paper Series, No. 75, 2012.
The European Union Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS), launched in 2005, has aimed to
encourage the development of low-carbon technologies by putting a price on carbon emissions.
Using a newly constructed data set covering the economic characteristics, patenting history, and
regulatory status under the EU ETS of over 30 million companies, we investigate the hypothesis
that the EU ETS has encouraged development of low-carbon technologies. While there has been
a rapid rise in low-carbon patenting since 2005, especially among EU ETS regulated companies during the Scheme’s second phase, this appears to arise chiefly out of systematic pre-EU
ETS differences in firm characteristics. Once such differences are accounted for, the matched
difference-in-differences estimate provides evidence that the EU ETS has not impacted the direction of technological change among regulated companies. Our findings suggest that the EU
ETS so far has had at best a very limited impact on low-carbon technological change.
2
Peer-reviewed articles:
Improving cost-efficiency of conservation auctions with joint bidding, Journal of Environmental
Economics and Policy, Vol. 1, No. 2, 2012.
Most current models of conservation auctions are incompatible with the assessment that there
are environmental externalities and synergies between bidders. Yet, conservation auctions are
usually set up for the very purpose of addressing problems associated with environmental externalities. Clearly, these models do not tell the whole story, and they consequently fail to
identify waste and inefficiency in these auctions. This paper shows how externalities between
bidders can be incorporated into our models of conservation auctions and uses this framework to
investigate the cost-efficiency of the uniform-price auction when neighbours can bid jointly. Allowing neighbours to bid jointly allows them to internalise these externalities, but also reduces
the competitiveness of the auction. The net effect on cost-efficiency is ambiguous, so I show
how simulation can be used as a practical tool to determine in what circumstances joint bidding
can be expected to reduce the payments needed to secure a given amount of ecosystem services.
Are first-borns more likely to attend Harvard?, (joint with Antony Millner), Significance, Vol. 9,
No. 3, 2012.
Between 75% and 80% of students at Harvard are first-borns. Do first-born children work harder
academically, and so end up overrepresented at top universities? So claims noted philosopher
Michael Sandel, in his defense of Rawls’ difference principle of distributive justice. In this article, we illustrate a simple fault in the statistical reasoning and give a more plausible explanation.
US healthcare reform: More changes are required (joint with Kathy Liu, M.D.), Student British
Medical Journal, Vol. 19 (September), 2011.
In 2010 the US Congress passed the Affordable Care Act, the most sweeping reform to the US
healthcare system in decades. But does it adequately deal with the root problems? This article
examines the performance of the US healthcare system, and looks at how the Affordable Care
Act tries to deal with several known problems. While the Act does constitute a major reform, in
many respects it appears to address to the symptoms rather than causes of the problems in the
US healthcare system.
Do probabilistic expert elicitations capture scientists’ uncertainty about climate change? (joint
with Antony Millner, David Stainforth, George MacKerron), (Revise & Resubmit).
Expert elicitation studies have become important barometers of scientific knowledge about future climate change. The goal of standard elicitation procedures is to determine what experts
believe are the probabilities of future changes to the climate. However, foundational work in
economic has demonstrated that such probabilistic information may not exist when information
is ambiguous. We have conducted a choice experiment with 30 of the world’s leading climate
physicists, and show that previous elicitation studies may have qualitatively understated the extent of experts’ uncertainty about climate change, by failing to account for ambiguity. Our
experimental design provides an instrument for detecting ambiguity, a valuable new source of
information when linking climate science and climate policy.
3
Carbon markets: An historical overview, (Revise & Resubmit).
The global carbon trade has in a short space of time grown into a market worth over $175 billion
a year. The history of carbon markets is a great political success story, and today they form an
integral part of international climate change policy. Yet we only have a very limited understanding of how well these markets work in practice. This article reviews the history of emissions
trading and the rise of carbon markets as a basis for better understanding what is happening
now. Viewing these markets in a historical light reveals that many of the current problems have
precedent, and that we are perhaps not learning enough from past experiences. If carbon market
policies were more geared toward systematic evaluation, and more open to incorporating past
lessons into new policy, carbon markets would stand a greater chance of helping achieve the
transition to a low-carbon economy.
Working papers and other publications:
Market-based instruments and Technology choices: A synthesis, Grantham Research Institute
on Climate Change and the Environment Working Paper Series, No. 57, 2011.
Perverse incentives under the CDM: A comment, Grantham Research Institute on Climate
Change and the Environment Working Paper Series, No. 53, 2011.
Low-CO2 innovation is up, but not because of the EU ETS (with Antoine Dechezleprêtre), Guest
Commentary in Carbon Market Europe, Vol. 11, No. 6, 2012.
The Language of Climate Change Policy, Opticon1826, No. 9, Autumn, 2010.
Environmental Policy and Public Opinion: A note on instrument choice, Opticon1826, No. 7,
Autumn, 2009.
How does Education impact Child Mortality?: A study of social interaction effects in Kenya,
The Cambridge Undergraduate Journal of Development Economics (PIXEL), 2009.
Is TRIPS a four-letter word?: Theory and History of Intellectual Property Rights, Infinity Journal, Vol. 1, No. 4, 2009.
Intellectual Property Rights: The mother of all invention?, Cambridge International Development Magazine (VISION), No. 7, 2008.
Have We Solved Poverty?: A look at the current state of microfinance, McGill Undergraduate
Journal of Development Economics, No. 1, Vol. 1, 2007.
Review of What money can’t buy by M. Sandel, and Strings attached by R. Grant, Accepted in
Economics and Philosophy.
Review of Poor Economics by A. Banerjee and E. Duflo, Accepted in Environment and Planning
C.
Review of Progress for the Poor by L. Kenworthy, Accepted in Environment and Planning C.
Review of Carbon Coalitions by J. Meckling, Accepted in Environment and Planning C.
4
Research in progress:
Environmental Policy and Induced Innovation: Evidence from climate change policies in the
UK
The UK is one of the largest European polluters, but in recent years it has also been a hotbed of
experimentation with market-based environmental policy. Since 2000, the UK has adopted a carbon tax (the Climate Change Levy, CCL), negotiated firm-specific emissions abatement agreements (Climate Change Agreements, CCA), launched its own carbon market (the UK Emissions
Trading Scheme, UK ETS), and joined the EU ETS. The UK experience is fertile ground for
anyone wanting to better understand the impacts of market-based environmental policy. In this
paper I investigate the impact of the EU ETS on low-carbon innovation in the UK. By comparing similar installations and firms covered by different sets of regulations, I estimate the effect
that different policy combinations has had on energy and emissions intensity of output, on lowcarbon R&D activities, and on patenting for low-carbon technologies.
Who will win the green race?: In search of environmental competitiveness and innovation (joint
with Sam Fankhauser, Alex Bowen, Antoine Dechezleprêtre, David Grover, James Rydge, and
Misato Sato)
As the world considers greener forms of economic growth, countries and sectors are beginning
to position themselves for the emerging green economy.We identify three success factors for
green competitiveness at the sector level: the speed at which sectors convert to green products
and processes (measured by green innovation), their ability to gain and maintain market share
(measured by existing comparative advantages) and a favourable starting point (measured by
current output). This paper combines patent data with international trade and output data in
order to investigate who the winners of this “green race” might be. We find that the green race
is likely to alter the present competitiveness landscape. Many incumbent country-sectors with
strong comparative advantages today lag behind in terms of green conversion, suggesting that
they could lose their competitive edge. Japan, and to a lesser extent Germany, appear best placed
to benefit from the green economy, while other European countries (Italy in particular) could fall
behind. However, the green economy is much broader than the few flagship sectors on which
the debate tends to focus, and each country has its niches of green competitiveness.
INVITED SEMINARS AND CONFERENCE PRESENTATIONS
AEA Annual Meeting (Jan 2013), 5th Atlantic Workshop on Energy and Environmental Economics (Jun 2012), AERE (Jun 2012), IEFE–FEEM Seminar Series (Apr 2012), EEX CO2 Panel
Discussion (Feb 2012), Defra’s Natural Environment Economics Seminar Series (Aug 2010),
WCERE (June 2010), Environment Agency’s Ecosystem Service Missing Markets Workshop
(Apr 2010).
REVIEWS
IMA Journal of Management Mathematics, Global Environmental Change.
5