Download Poon Joe Fai_Singapore_country presentation

Asia regional exchange on NAMAs
in the transport sector
16 Aug 2013
POON, Joe Fai
Land Transport Authority, Singapore
1
Singapore’s Climate Change Targets
Sustainable Singapore
Blueprint (2009)
Reduce energy intensity by 20% from 2005
levels by 2020, & by 35% from 2005 levels by
2030
(Equivalent to 7% to 11% emission reduction
from 2020 Business As Usual (BAU))
Singapore’s Pledge
Reduce GHG emissions by 16% below 2020
BAU, if a global agreement on climate change
is reached
2
Singapore’s Projected BAU Emissions
• Land transport will form the second largest source of CO2 emissions in
Singapore in 2020
Projected CO2 Contribution by Sector (2020)
7.6%
3.9%
Industry
14.5%
Building
Transport
60.3%
13.8%
Household
Others (waste, water, other
electricity use)
77.2 million tons
(Source: National Climate Change Strategy 2012)
3
Emissions from Land Transport in Singapore
• Private cars are the largest contributor to land transport emissions
CO2 Contribution by Transport Mode (2005)
4%
15%
Private Car
35%
Motorcycle
Commercial Vehicle
Taxi
17%
Bus
3%
26%
Rapid Transit System
(Source: Ministry of Transport, Singapore)
4
Emissions from Land Transport in Singapore
• Shifting more trips to public transport and managing car travel demand are
key to reducing emissions from land transport sector
CO2 Contribution by Transport Mode (2005)
(30.1 m pax-km)
4%
(22.3 - 33.5 m pax-km)
15%
35%
Private Car
Motorcycle
Commercial Vehicle
(8.7 m pax-km) 17%
Taxi
Bus
3%
26%
Rapid Transit System
(Source: Ministry of Transport, Singapore)
All figures are estimated average daily in 2005.
5
Shifting More Trips to Public Transport
Public Transport Modal Share
(during peak periods)
75.0%
62.0%
58.5%
2008
2012 (est'd)
2030 (target)
6
Shifting More Trips to Public Transport
“Making Public Transport a Choice Mode” is a key Strategic Thrust under
Singapore’s Land Transport Masterplan 2008
• Enhance integration of public transport system
• More priority for buses
• Expand rail network
• Introduce contestability to public transport industry
• Enhance travel experience
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Expanding Rail Network
Jurong
Region
Line
Thomson
Line
Cross
Island
Line
North East Line
Extension
Tuas West
Extension
• From 178km today to
about 280km in 2021
and about 360km by
2030 (double today’s)
Downtown
Line
Downtown
Line Extension
Eastern Region Line
Downtown
Line
North-South Line
Extension
Circle Line Stage 6
• 8 in 10 households
within 10-min walk of a
train station by 2030
Legend
Existing Rail Lines
Land Transport Masterplan 2008 Rail Lines
Rail Lines Announced in 2013
8
Managing Car Travel Demand
Another key strategy is the management of road travel demand
Ownership
Control
Usage
Restraint
• Vehicle Quota System
(VQS)
• Electronic Road
Pricing (ERP)
• Additional Registration
Fee (ARF)
• Off-Peak Car (OPC)
scheme
• Other ownership costs
- Excise duty
- Road tax
• Petrol duty
• Parking policies
9
Curbing Car Ownership: Vehicle Quota System
•
Introduced in 1990 to control growth rate of vehicle population
• 3% p.a. from 1990-2008
• 1.5% p.a. from 2009
• 0.5% p.a. from 2013
•
Certificate of Entitlement (COE) required to own vehicle
• 10-year tenure
• Open Bidding System
10
Curbing Car Ownership: Additional Registration Fee (ARF)
•
Ownership tax introduced in 1972 to deter vehicle ownership
•
Based on percentage of Open Market Value (OMV) of vehicles
•
Raised progressively from 35% (1972) to 175% (1980s) for cars
•
Currently at
• 100% for cars and taxis
• motorcycles: 15%
• commercial vehicles & buses: 5%
11
Curbing Car Ownership: VQS and ARF
Without ARF & VQS, car population would have grown an additional 83% by
2008
• ARF & VQS brings about annual reduction of 3.8% of Singapore’s total CO2
emissions
•
1,000,000
w/o ARF & VQS
Growth rate: 6.0%
900,000
800,000
600,000
500,000
400,000
Actual car population
Growth rate: 4.1%
300,000
200,000
100,000
VQS
(1990)
ARF
(1975)
Year
12
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
1989
1988
1987
1986
1985
1984
1983
1982
1981
1980
1979
1978
1977
1976
0
1975
Car Population
700,000
Usage Restraint: Road Pricing
•
Area Licensing Scheme (ALS)
• Implemented from 1975
• Motorists required to purchase license to enter Restricted Zone (RZ)
• Reduces congestion in Central Business District (CBD)
•
Electronic Road Pricing (ERP)
• Introduced in 1998 to replace ALS
• Caters to changing traffic patterns
• ERP rates determined based on local traffic conditions and time, and
reviewed every 3 months
13
Usage Restraint: Road Pricing
Road pricing brings about annual reduction of 1.01% of Singapore’s CO2 total
emissions between 1975 and 2008
• Reduced congestion on expressways and major roads = 0.85%
• Lower traffic volume in CBD = 0.16%
•
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
1975
1980
1985
Traffic Volume to CBD (AM Peak)
1990
1995
Vehicle Population
2000
2005
Car Population
14
Improving Energy Efficiency
•
Carbon Emissions-based Vehicle Scheme (CEVS)
•
Introduced in Jan 2013 to encourage lower emissions cars and taxis
•
“Feebate” scheme that is technology-neutral and performance-based
•
Rebates & surcharges depends on vehicle’s CO2 emissions performance
15
Structure of Carbon Emissions-based Vehicle Scheme
Cars
Taxis
Rebate (-) /
Surcharge (+)
(SGD)
Rebate (-) /
Surcharge (+)
(SGD)
Band
Carbon Emission
(CO2 g/km)
A1
0 to 100
-20,000
-30,000
A2
101 to 120
-15,000
-22,500
A3
121 to 140
-10,000
-15,000
A4
141 to 160
5,000
-7,500
B
161 to 210
0
0
C1
211 to 230
+5,000
+7,500
C2
231 to 250
+10,000
+15,000
C3
251 to 270
+15,000
+22,500
C4
271 & above
+20,000
+30,000
16
Carbon Emissions-based Vehicle Scheme
Distribution of Newly Registered Cars Across Emission Bands
Band
Carbon
Emission
(CO2 g/km)
Pre-Implementation
Implementation
2011
2012
2013
(Jan – May)
A1 – A4
0 to 160
19.4%
41.4%
48.4%
B
161 to 210
59.1%
44.8%
35.6%
C1 – C4
211 & above
31.5%
13.8%
16.0%
17
Improving Energy Efficiency
•
Multi-agency Electric Vehicle (EV) Taskforce
• EV Test-bed from June 2011 to Dec 2013
•
Green Mark for RTS
• Energy saving measures in MRT system
•
Trial on Diesel Hybrid Bus technology
18
Summary
•
Shifting more trips to public transport , especially rail-based transport
Managing car-based travel demand , through car ownership and usage restraint
measures
•
•
Improving energy efficiency
19
Thank You!
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