Download Comparing Plant and Animal Cells

Comparing Plant and
Animal Cells
Mrs. Weeks
What is a
cell?
definition: a small
compartment that holds all
of the biological equipment
necessary to keep an
organism alive
► Basically,
cells are the building blocks of life.
► They come in many different shapes and
sizes
► They perform a variety of functions.
About cells…
Their main purpose is to organize.
They make up all living things.
Cells are alive!
Animal Cell
What is it?
• makes up many tissues in animals
• many types (cheek, nerve, muscle)
Plant Cell
What is it?
• a structural and functional unit of a plant
• different plant cells have different roles
Plant Cells vs Animal Cells:
Similarities
animal and plant cells have cell
membranes that enclose the cell.
► Both are filled with cytoplasm, a gel-like
substance containing chemicals needed by
the cell.
► Both have a nucleus where DNA is stored.
► Both have ribosomes, protein builders of
cells.
► Both
Similarities Continued
► Both
plant and animal cells have
mitochondria that use oxygen to break
down food and release energy.
► Both kinds of cells have vacuoles that
contain food, water, or waste products.
(Animal cells usually have many more
vacuoles than plant cells do.)
A Few More Similarities
have endoplasmic reticulum, where a
system of tubes transports proteins.
► Both have Golgi bodies to distribute proteins
outside of the cell.
► Both
Plant and Animal Cells:
Differences
cells have cell walls that provide
structure. Animal cells do not have cell
walls.
► A few large animal cells have more than one
nucleus, but plant cells ALWAYS have just
one.
► Plant cells have chloroplasts for
photosynthesis. Animal cells do not.
► Plant
More Differences:
► Animal
cells use mitochondria for energy
production. Plants primarily use
chloroplasts to produce energy.
► Animal cells tend to have many small
vacuoles. Mature plant cells may have only
one large vacuole.
► Animals cells have lysosomes, but plant cells
do not.
Activity
► Use
a Venn Diagram to compare
the animal cell
to the plant cell.
Compare and Contrast
Both
Plant
cell wall
mitochondria
Animal
no cell wall
Golgi apparatus
large vacuole
chloroplasts
rough and smooth
endoplasmic
reticulum
nucleus
flagella only
in gametes
cytoplasm
ribosomes
small or no
vacuole
no
chloroplasts
flagella
Cells & Energy
► Cells
get energy originally from the sun.
► In plant cells, chloroplasts trap light energy
and change it into chemical energy.
Cells & Energy (continued!)
► Chemical
bonds hold two or more atoms
together to form molecules of sugar.
► Both plant and animal cells break down
these molecules by breaking the chemical
bond. When the bonds are broken, energy
is released.
► Cells can either use the energy or store it.
► Mitochondria in plant and animal cells use
oxygen to release this energy.
Cells Using Information
► The
nucleus is the control center of plant
and animal cells.
► The nucleus contains DNA.
► DNA and RNA molecules work together to
make proteins. Cells require thousands of
protein molecules in order to work well.
More DNA
► DNA
in a cell’s nucleus determines what
kind of cell it it.
► DNA has instructions for all of the cell’s
activities.
► DNA doubles when a cell divides.