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Chapter 3 Test Review 1. Organic molecules consist mainly of: A. Carbon and Hydrogen atoms 2. Which is the largest form of a carbohydrate: C. Polysaccharide 3. This type of lipid has four carbon rings and no tails: D. Steroid 4. At what structural level does a protein become a working molecule: D. Quaternary structure 5. The hydrophilic head portion of the phospholipid faces the: C. Both A and B 6. Carbon’s importance to life arises from its ability to form these many versatile bonds: B. 4 7. This type of lipid is used by plants to restrict water loss and animals to lubricate skin: A. Waxes 8. Which of these would not cause a protein to denature: D. Overuse 9. What is an example of saturated fat: C. Butter 10. What is the building block of carbohydrates? A. Monosaccharides 11. The nonadjacent regions that form to create specific domains is termed: C. Tertiary structure 12. A nucleotide contains: A. A five carbon ring bonded to a nitrogen base and a phosphate group(s) 13. The breakdown of large molecules by the enzymatic addition of water is an example of what kind of reaction: A. Hydrolysis 14. A saturated fat has: A. No double bonds in its tail region 15. Amino acids are small organic compounds that are the basic subunits of: C. Proteins 16. Metabolism refers to the enzyme-mediated chemical reactions by which cells: A. Acquire and use energy as they build and break down organic molecules 17. What is the main structural component of plants: C. Cellulose 18. What is the basic structure of a fatty acid: A. A hydrophobic hydrocarbon tail with a hydrophilic carboxyl head 19. The linear series of amino acids linked together in a polypeptide chain is termed: A. Primary structure 20. A small molecular group bonded to a carbon of an organic compound that imparts a specific chemical property is this type of group: A. Functional 21. Carbohydrates have a consistent carbon to hydrogen to oxygen ration of: C. 1:2:1 22. In a cell membrane, phospholipids are arranged in a: B. Bilayer 23. Peptide bonds link: C. Amino Acids 24. When a protein denatures these bonds are broken: C. Hydrogen 25. The building blocks of nucleic acids are: D. Nucleotides 26. How do cells use monosaccharides: C. For cellular fuel 27. Fatty, oily, or waxy compounds are: B. Lipids 28. Sucrose is composed of: C. Fructose and Glucose 29. Which lipid forms cell membranes: B. Phospholipids 30. Which shows growth of a protein: B. amino acid – peptide – polypeptide - protein 31. The bonding of glucose to galactose forms: A. Lactose 32. Triglycerides contain: A. Glycerol and fatty acids 33. Plants store their monosaccharides in this form: A. Starch 34. Which is not a function of a protein: D. Transport 35. Which is not a six carbon monosaccharide: B. Sucrose 36. Which amino acid structure defines it and makes it unique: C. R group 37. The formation of large molecules from small subunits is know as what kind of reaction: C. Condensation 38. Animals store their monosaccharides in this form: B. Glycogen 39. The polypeptide chain that twists and turns is termed: B. Secondary structure 40. In a chain of nucleotides the sugar of one nucleotide is bonded to the ______________ of the next nucleotide: C. Phosphate