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DNA/RNA Study Guide Answer Key 1. DNA______ stores and transmits genetic information. 2. Which type of organic molecule is DNA? nucleic acid 3. What is the entire molecule below called? nucleotide 4. __Watson__________ and ___Crick____ established that the structure of DNA was a double helix. 5. List the nitrogen bases found in DNA below. a.__adenine_________ b.__thymine________ c.__cytosine______ d._guanine______ 6. List the complementary base pairs for DNA below. a. ___A_______ - ______T_______ b. ____G________ - ___C_______ 7. Define DNA polymerase. Enzyme that adds complimentary base pairs during DNA replication 8. GGATCGT. What is the complementary strand of DNA? CCTAGCA 9. Define RNA. Based on genetic info from DNA; ribonucleic acid 10. Which type of organic molecule is RNA? nucleic acid 11. List the nitrogen bases found in RNA below. a. __adenine______ b. ______uracil______ c.____cytosine____ d. __guanine____ 12. List the complementary base pairs for RNA below. a. ______A______ - ______U_______ b. _____C________ - ____G_________ 13. Write the function of each RNA below: mRNA – made from DNA; used during transcription & translation tRNA – carries amino acids from cytoplasm to ribosome during protein synthesis (translation) rRNA – ribosome in the cytoplasm; used during protein synthesis 14. GCT AAG CAG GCT. What is the complementary strand of mRNA. CGA UUC GUC CGA Looking at the picture to the left: 15. DNA mRNA = ___transcription_____ and it occurs in the ___nucleus_________. 16. mRNA protein = translation_______ and it happens in the _cytoplasm_____. 17. At which organelle does translation occur? ribosome 18. Define codon. 3 base pair 19. Using the genetic code chart to the left, which amino acid sequence can be coded from the complimentary DNA sequence CTC AAG TGC TTC? GAG UUC ACG AAG (mRNA) _Glu_____ - _Phe_____ - _Thr____ - ___Lys____ 20. A strand of DNA with the sequence AAC AAG CCC undergoes a mutation, and the first A is changed to a C. how will this mutation affect the amino acid sequence? Point mutation CAC AAG CCC 21. Which technique was used to produce these bands? Gel electrophoresis 22. Which suspect would be considered guilty when looking at the DNA fingerprint? C 23. Which enzyme is responsible for cutting DNA at specific places? Restriction enzyme 24. What is a mutation? Change in DNA 25. What is a mutagen? Anything that causes a mutation; ex. carcinogen; x-rays, UV radiation Fill in the venn diagram with the appropriate information. * nucleic acid * deoxyribose * ribose * uracil * thymine * cytosine * guanine * adenine * stores and transmits genetic info. * uses genetic info. to make protein * replication * transcription DNA * translation * tRNA, rRNA, mRNA RNA ribose uracil uses genetic info to make protein translation mRNA tRNA rRNA deoxyribose thymine stores and transmits genetic info replication nucleic acid cytosine guanine adenine transcription Review for Test 4 organic molecules: their name, function, and building blocks Vocabulary and root words Cell organelles and their function Plant v. animal cell; prokaryote v. eukaryote Homeostasis, diffusion, osmosis Active v. passive transport Osmosis problems showing movement of water Cellular respiration and photosynthesis