Download DNA/RNA

DNA/RNA
Study Guide Answer Key
1. DNA______ stores and transmits genetic information.
2. Which type of organic molecule is DNA? nucleic acid
3. What is the entire molecule below called? nucleotide
4. __Watson__________ and ___Crick____ established that the structure of DNA was a double helix.
5. List the nitrogen bases found in DNA below.
a.__adenine_________ b.__thymine________ c.__cytosine______ d._guanine______
6. List the complementary base pairs for DNA below.
a. ___A_______ - ______T_______
b. ____G________ - ___C_______
7. Define DNA polymerase. Enzyme that adds complimentary base pairs during DNA replication
8. GGATCGT. What is the complementary strand of DNA? CCTAGCA
9. Define RNA. Based on genetic info from DNA; ribonucleic acid
10. Which type of organic molecule is RNA? nucleic acid
11. List the nitrogen bases found in RNA below.
a. __adenine______ b. ______uracil______ c.____cytosine____ d. __guanine____
12. List the complementary base pairs for RNA below.
a. ______A______ - ______U_______
b. _____C________ - ____G_________
13. Write the function of each RNA below:
mRNA – made from DNA; used during transcription & translation
tRNA – carries amino acids from cytoplasm to ribosome during protein synthesis (translation)
rRNA – ribosome in the cytoplasm; used during protein synthesis
14. GCT AAG CAG GCT. What is the complementary strand of mRNA.
CGA UUC GUC CGA
Looking at the picture to the left:
15. DNA  mRNA = ___transcription_____
and it occurs in the ___nucleus_________.
16. mRNA  protein = translation_______
and it happens in the _cytoplasm_____.
17. At which organelle does translation occur?
ribosome
18. Define codon. 3 base pair
19. Using the genetic code chart to the left,
which amino acid sequence can be coded
from the complimentary DNA sequence
CTC AAG TGC TTC?
GAG UUC ACG AAG (mRNA)
_Glu_____ - _Phe_____ - _Thr____ - ___Lys____
20. A strand of DNA with the sequence AAC AAG CCC
undergoes a mutation, and the first A is changed to a C.
how will this mutation affect the amino acid sequence?
Point mutation
CAC AAG CCC
21. Which technique was used to produce these bands?
Gel electrophoresis
22. Which suspect would be considered guilty when
looking at the DNA fingerprint?
C
23. Which enzyme is responsible for cutting DNA at
specific places?
Restriction enzyme
24. What is a mutation? Change in DNA
25. What is a mutagen? Anything that causes a mutation; ex. carcinogen; x-rays, UV radiation
Fill in the venn diagram with the appropriate information.
* nucleic acid
* deoxyribose
* ribose
* uracil
* thymine
* cytosine
* guanine
* adenine
* stores and transmits genetic info.
* uses genetic info. to make protein
* replication
* transcription
DNA
* translation
* tRNA, rRNA, mRNA
RNA
ribose
uracil
uses genetic info to make
protein
translation
mRNA
tRNA
rRNA
deoxyribose
thymine
stores and transmits
genetic info
replication
nucleic acid
cytosine
guanine
adenine
transcription
Review for Test
 4 organic molecules: their name, function, and building blocks
 Vocabulary and root words
 Cell organelles and their function
 Plant v. animal cell; prokaryote v. eukaryote
 Homeostasis, diffusion, osmosis
 Active v. passive transport
 Osmosis problems showing movement of water
 Cellular respiration and photosynthesis