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CHAPTER 15
TANYA COMER RN, BSN
KEY TERMS CHAPTER 15
• Antibiotic- a drug that kills certain microbes that cause infections.
• Asepsis- being free of disease-producing microbes.
• Bio hazardous waste- items contaminated with blood, body fluids, secretions or excretions.
• Carrier-a human or animal that is a reservoir for microbes but does not develop the
infection.
• Clean technique- Medical asepsis - practices used to remove or destroy pathogens and to
prevent their spread from one person or place to another person or place.
KEY TERMS CHAPTER 15
• Communicable disease-Contagious disease-a disease caused by pathogens that spread
easily.
• Contamination- the process of becoming unclean.
• Disinfection- the process of destroying pathogens.
• Healthcare associated infection (nosocomial)- an infection that develops in a person
cared for in any setting where care I given. The infection is related to the are given.
KEY TERMS CHAPTER 15
• Immunity- protection against certain diseases.
• Infection- a disease state resulting from the invasion and growth of microbes in
the body.
• Infection control- practices and procedures that prevent the spread of infection.
• Microbe-Microorganism- a small living that seen only with a microscope.
• Non-pathogen- a microbe that does not usually cause an infection.
KEY TERMS CHAPTER 15
• Spore- a bacterium protected by a hard shell.
• Sterile- the absence of all microbes
• Sterile field- a work area free of all pathogens and non-pathogens.
• Sterile technique - Surgical asepsis - the practices that keep items free of all microbes.
• Sterilization- the process of destroying all microbes.
• Vaccination-giving a vaccine to produce immunity against an infectious disease.
• Vaccine- a preparation containing dead or weakened microbes.
• Vector- a carrier that transmits disease.
• Vehicle- any substance that transmits microbes.
MICROBES
• Bacteria- one celled organism that can multiple rapidly. Often called germs.
• Fungi- plant-like organism that live on other plans or animals. Ex: mushrooms, yeast and
mold.
• Protozoa- one-celled animals. They can infect the blood, brain, and intestines.
• Viruses- gown in living cells. They can cause many disease- common cold, herpes, AIDS
and hepatitis.
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF INFECTION
• Fever
• Nausea
• Chills
• Diarrhea
• Increased HR
• Rash
• Increased respiratory rate
• Sores
• Pain
• Redness and swelling
• Fatigue
• Drainage or discharge from infected area
• Loss of appetite
• Confusion
INFECTION
• Chain of infection figure 15-1 pg 214
• Healthcare-associated infections (HAI)
• An infection that develops in a person cared
for in any setting where health care is given
(box 15-2)
INFECTION
• Medical asepsis (clean technique)
• The practice used to remove or destroy pathogens
• Surgical asepsis (sterile technique)
• The practice used to remove or destroy all pathogens
• Disinfection vs. sterilization
• Equipment and supplies
• Most health care supplies and equipment are disposable. For multi-use items do
not share between residents. Non-disposable items are cleaned then sterilized.
This is usually done by the supply department.
INFECTION
• Standard precautions – are used for all persons whenever care is given. They prevent
the spread of infection from
• Blood
• All body fluids, secretions, and excretions (except sweat)
• Non-intact skin
• Mucous membranes
• Bloodborne pathogen
• HIV and HBV are found in blood. They are bloodborne pathogens. They exit the body through
blood. They are spread to others by blood. (Box 15-8 pg 236)
P.R.I.D.E
• Personal and Professional Responsibility
• You have an important role in preventing the spread of infection.Your actions affect the
person’s risk for infection. Practice good hand hygiene.
• Rights and Respect
• Caring for person who needs transmission-based precautions can be a challenge. Extra time
and effort are needed to apply and remove PPE and clean equipment used in the room.You
must plan carefully when gathering supplies before entering the room. **The person must
not feel as though they are a burden. The person deserves the same kindness and respect
you give others.
P.R.I.D.E
• Independence and Social Interaction
• Residents are often unable to perform hygiene measures they would normally do
independently. Hand hygiene is an example. Ask the residents if they would like to wash their
hands often. Assist them to do so.
• Delegation and Teamwork
• You may be delegated to care for high risk infection residents. Communication is an important
part of delegation. Do not be offended or annoyed if the nurse reminds you to practice
medical asepsis.
• Ethics and Laws
• The health team must prevent the spread of microbes and infection. Even one careless act can
spread microbes.
REVIEW QUESTIONS CH. 15
Most pathogens need the following to grow except
a.
Water
b.
Light
c.
Oxygen
d.
Nourishment
REVIEW QUESTIONS CH. 15
Standard precautions
a.
Are used for all persons
b.
Prevent the spread of pathogens through the air
c.
Require gowns, masks, gloves and goggles
d.
Require a doctors order
REVIEW QUESTIONS CH. 15
Goggles or face shield is worn
a.
When using standard precautions
b.
When splashing body fluids is likely
c.
If you have an eye infection
d.
When assisting with sterile procedures.