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THE PERFECT TENSE IS USED TO
EXPRESS THE PAST. IT IS
TRANSLATED AS “DID” OR “HAS
DONE” IN ENGLISH.
IN FRENCH THERE ARE TWO
THINGS NEEDED TO FORM THE
PERFECT TENSE. THIS IS SIMILAR
TO HOW IT WORKS IN ENGLISH.
THIS IS THE PERFECT TENSE IN ENGLISH
HE HAS DONE
SUBJECT
AUXILIARY
VERB
PAST
PARTICIPLE
TO FORM THE PERFECT TENSE IN
FRENCH, WE NEED AN AUXILIARY
VERB AND A PAST PARTICIPLE, JUST
AS IN ENGLISH.
THERE ARE TWO VERBS THAT ARE USED
AS AUXILIARY VERBS……
AVOIR
(TO HAVE)
AND
ÊTRE
(TO BE)
MOST VERBS USE “AVOIR” AS THE AUXILIARY
VERB, BUT SOME USE “ÊTRE”, (WE’LL DEAL
WITH THIS LATER)
HERE ARE THE PARTS OF AVOIR
J’AI
TU AS
IL/ELLE A
I HAVE
YOU HAVE
HE/SHE HAS
NOUS AVONS
VOUS AVEZ
ILS/ELLES ONT
WE HAVE
YOU HAVE
THEY HAVE
THE NEXT STEP IS TO
FORM A PAST
PARTICIPLE
HERE’S HOW ………
TAKE AN INFINITIVE
THIS IS
CALLED A
STEM
JOUER
FINIR
VENDRE
É
I
U
REMOVE
THE
ENDING
THESE ARE PAST PARTICIPLES
ADD ENDINGS
VERB ENDS
IN…………………
-ER
-IR
-RE
PAST PARTICIPLE
ENDS IN …………
É
I
U
LEARN THESE ENDINGS!!!
NOW YOU HAVE A PAST
PARTICIPLE IT IS COMBINED
WITH A PART OF “AVOIR” TO
FORM THE PERFECT TENSE
LET’S SEE HOW
J’AI
JOUÉ
= I PLAYED / I HAVE PLAYED
IL A
FINI
= HE FINISHED /
HE HAS FINISHED
NOUS AVONS
VENDU
= WE SOLD / WE HAVE SOLD
VOUS AVEZ
VISITÉ
= YOU VISITED /
YOU HAVE VISITED
THAT’S HOW TO DO THE
PERFECT TENSE.
HOWEVER THERE ARE
SOME OTHER RULES YOU
NEED TO KNOW…
NOT ALL VERBS FORM THEIR PAST
PARTICIPLES WITH THE METHOD WE
HAVE SEEN.
SOME VERBS HAVE “IRREGULAR”
PAST PARTICIPLES AND NEED TO BE
LEARNT
HERE ARE SOME IMPORTANT ONES
MEANING
TO BE
TO DO/MAKE
TO KNOW
TO HAVE TO
TO BE ABLE TO
TO SEE
TO HAVE
PAST
INFINITIVE PARTICIPLE
ÊTRE
FAIRE
SAVOIR
DEVOIR
POUVOIR
VOIR
AVOIR
ÉTÉ
FAIT
SU
DÛ
PU
VU
EU
LEARN THESE PAST PARTICIPLES
REMEMBER EARLIER WE SAID THERE
ARE TWO VERBS WHICH CAN BE
USED AS AN AUXILIARY VERB………
THERE ARE SOME VERBS WHICH
USE “ÊTRE” INSTEAD OF “AVOIR”.
LET’S SEE HOW THIS WORKS……
THERE ARE 13 VERBS WHICH USE
“ÊTRE” AS THE AUXILIARY VERB.
HERE THEY ARE………
Aller
Venir
Arriver
Partir
Rester
Retourner
Monter
Descendre
Entrer
Sortir
N aître
Mourir
Tomber
IT IS VERY IMPORTANT TO
LEARN THESE VERBS
FORTUNATELY THERE
ARE WAYS TO HELP……
Aller
Venir
A
Arriver
Partir
Retourner
Rester
Monter
Descendre
Entrer
S ortir
N aître
Mourir
Tomber
AARMEN
REMEMBERING THIS ODD SPELLING OF THE WORD
“AMEN” IS ONE WAY OF HELPING TO REMEMBER
THE “13 ÊTRE VERBS”.
IT ALSO HELPS TO REMEMBER THE MEANINGS. DID
YOU NOTICE HOW THE VERBS WERE ARRANGED
IN TWO COLUMNS?
THE MEANING OF THE VERB ON THE RIGHT IS THE
OPPOSITE OF THE VERB ON THE LEFT
LET’S HAVE A LOOK AT THEM AGAIN
ALLER
TO GO
ARRIVER
TO ARRIVE
RESTER
TO STAY
MONTER
TO GO UP
ENTRER
TO GO IN
NAÎTRE
TO BE BORN
AND “TOMBER” FALLS
DOWN BETWEEN THE
REST!!
TOMBER
TO FALL
VENIR
TO COME
PARTIR
TO LEAVE
RETOURNER
TO RETURN
DESCENDRE
TO GO DOWN
SORTIR
TO GO OUT
MOURIR
TO DIE
THERE ARE OTHER
WAYS TO HELP
REMEMBER THE 13
ÊTRE VERBS. HERE IS
ANOTHER POPULAR
WAY………
MONTER
M
VENIR
V
DESCENDRE
D
R
RETOURNER
PARTIR
P
R
RESTER
ALLER
A
ENTRER
E
ARRIVER
A
S
SORTIR
NAÎTRE
N
TOMBER
T
MOURIR
M
THE 13 VERBS ARE ALSO KNOWN
AS THE “MRS. VAN DE TRAMP”
VERBS
THESE 13 VERBS WORK IN THE SAME
WAY AS HOW WE SAW PREVIOUSLY.
FIRST YOU NEED TO MAKE THE PAST
PARTICIPLE BUT THIS TIME IT IS
COMBINED WITH PARTS OF “ÊTRE”
INSTEAD OF “AVOIR”.
ONLY THREE OF THE 13 VERBS HAVE
AN IRREGULAR PAST PARTICIPLE.
HERE THEY ALL ARE……
THE 13 “ÊTRE” VERBS AND THEIR
PAST PARTICIPLES
INFINITIVE
ALLER
PAST
PARTICIPLE
INFINITIVE
PAST
PARTICIPLE
ALLÉ
VENIR
VENU
ARRIVER
ARRIVÉ
PARTIR
PARTI
RESTER
RESTÉ
RETOURNER
RETOURNÉ
MONTER
MONTÉ
DESCENDRE
DESCENDU
ENTRER
ENTRÉ
SORTIR
SORTI
NAÎTRE
NÉ
MOURIR
MORT
TOMBER
TOMBÉ
THESE ARE THE IRREGULAR ONES
JE SUIS
TU ES
IL/ELLE EST
NOUS SOMMES
VOUS ÊTES
ILS/ELLES SONT
I AM
YOU ARE
HE/SHE IS
WE ARE
YOU ARE
THEY ARE
ALLÉ
JE SUIS
= I WENT
PARTI
IL EST
= HE LEFT
THERE IS ONE MORE IMPORTANT
THING THAT MUST BE DONE WHEN
USING THE PERFECT TENSE WITH
ÊTRE……
THE PAST PARTICIPLE MUST AGREE
WITH THE SUBJECT.
WHAT DOES THIS MEAN??
LET’S SEE
YOU WILL HAVE SEEN THE USE OF
AGREEMENTS BEFORE. ADDING
EXTRA LETTERS WHEN DESCRIBING
SOMETHING FEMININE OR PLURAL.
LIKE THIS………
IL EST PETIT
ILS SONT PETITS
ELLE EST PETITE
ELLES SONT PETITES
THESE SAME AGREEMENTS ARE
ALSO USED WHEN USING ÊTRE IN
THE PERFECT TENSE
ELLE EST
ALLÉE
= SHE WENT
ILS SONT
ARRIVÉS
= THEY ARRIVED
ELLES SONT
RESTÉES
= THEY STAYED
ALSO ALL REFLEXIVE VERBS USE
ÊTRE IN THE PERFECT TENSE.
EG “SE LEVER” “SE REVEILLER” ETC.
YOU FORM THE PERFECT TENSE IN
EXACTLY THE SAME WAY BUT YOU
MUST INCLUDE THE CORRECT
REFLEXIVE PRONOUN.
HERE IS HOW TO DO IT……
JE ME SUIS LEVÉ = I GOT UP
TU T’ES LEVÉ = YOU GOT UP
IL S’EST LEVÉ = HE GOT UP
ELLE S’EST LEVÉE = SHE GOT UP
NOUS NOUS SOMMES LEVÉS = WE GOT UP
VOUS VOUS ÊTES LEVÉS = YOU GOT UP
ILS SE SONT LEVÉS = THEY GOT UP
ELLES SE SONT LEVÉES = THEY GOT UP
AND THAT’S THE PERFECT
TENSE IN FRENCH. IT MIGHT
SEEM A LOT OF
INFORMATION TO REMEMBER
BUT EVERY TIME YOU GO TO
FORM A VERB IN THIS TENSE
THINK ABOUT THE KEY
STEPS………
FORM THE PAST PARTICIPLE.
IS IT REGULAR OR
IRREGULAR?
DOES THE VERB USE
“AVOIR” OR “ÊTRE”?
IF IT USES “ÊTRE” DOES
THE PAST PARTICIPLE
NEED TO AGREE?