Download 16.Abnormal PsychologyDSM5

Abnormal Psychology
A “harmful dysfunction” in which behavior is
judged to be disturbing, atypical,
maladaptive and unjustifiable.
Historical Perspective
 Perceived Causes
 movements of sun or moon
 lunacy--full moon
 evil spirits
 Ancient Treatments
 exorcism, caged like animals, beaten,
burned, castrated, mutilated, blood
replaced with animal’s blood
Early Theories
• Abnormal behavior was evil
spirits trying to get out.
• Trephining was often used.
Early Theories
•trephening:
Cutting a hole in
the head of the
afflicted to let
out the evil spirit.
Early Theories
• Another theory was to make the body
extremely uncomfortable
Philippe Pinel
early hospitals
• French doctor who
was the first to
take the chains
off and declare
that these people
are sick and “a
cure must be
found!!!”
History of Mental Disorders
• In the 1800’s,
disturbed
people were no
longer thought
of as madmen,
but as mentally
ill.
They were first put in hospitals.
Did this mean better treatment?
Early Mental Hospitals
• They were nothing more than barbaric
prisons.
•The patients were chained
and locked away.
•Some hospitals even charged admission
for the public to see the “crazies”, just
like a zoo.
DSM-5
http://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/classification-and-diagnosis.html
• Diagnostic
Statistical Manual of
Mental Disorders:
the big book of
disorders.
• DSM will classify
disorders and
describe the
symptoms.
• DSM will NOT explain
the causes or possible
cures.
Acknowledgement
A significant number of Wikipedia
articles were used in the development of
this PowerPoint presentation and are not
always appropriately cited due to space
constraints.
Neurodevelopmental Disorders
• Intellectual Disability (IQ and Adaptive Functioning)
• Communication Disorders (ex. Speech Sound Disorder)
• Autism Spectrum Disorder (characterized by social deficits,
communication difficulties, stereotyped or repetitive behaviors
and interests, and in some cases, cognitive delays)
• Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (incl. combined,
inattentive and hyperactive/compulsive)
• Specific Learning Disorder (incl. reading, writing, and math)
• Motor Disorders
• Tic Disorders (ex. Tourette’s Disorder)
• Other Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Schizophrenia Spectrum and
Other Psychotic Disorders
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Schizotypal (Personality) Disorder (characterized by a need for social
isolation, anxiety in social situations, odd behavior and thinking, and
often unconventional beliefs)
Delusional Disorder (characterized by non-bizarre delusions, but with
no accompanying prominent hallucinations, thought disorder, mood
disorder, or significant flattening of affect)
Brief Psychotic Disorder
Scizophreniform Disorder: being similar to schizophrenia in appearance
or manifestations but tending to last usually more than two weeks and
less than six months
Schizophrenia: a psychotic disorder characterized by loss of contact
with the environment, by noticeable deterioration in the level of
functioning in everyday life, and by disintegration of personality
expressed as disorder of feeling, thought (as in delusions), perception
(as in hallucinations), and behavior
Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other
Psychotic Disorders (Cont.)
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Schizoaffective Disorder: relating to, characterized by, or exhibiting
symptoms of both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder (Bipolar and
Depressed Types)
Substance/Medication Induced Psychotic Disorder
Psychotic Disorder Due to Another Medical Condition (with delusions;
with hallucinations)
Catatonia Assoc. With Another Mental Disorder
Catatonic Disorder Due to Another Medical Condition
Unspecified Catatonia
Other Specified Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorder
Unspecified Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorder
Bipolar and Related Disorders
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Bipolar I Disorder (characterized by at least one manic or mixed
episode)
Bipolar II Disorder (characterized by at least one episode of hypomania
and at least one episode of major depression)
Cyclothymic Disorder (characterized by numerous extreme mood
disturbances, with periods of hypomanic symptoms alternating with
periods of mild or moderate depression)
Substance/Medication Induced Bipolar and Related Disorder
Bipolar and Related Disorder Due to Another Medical Condition
Other Specified Bipolar and Related Disorder
Unspecified Bipolar and Related Disorder
Depressive Disorders
Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder
Major Depressive Disorder
Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia)
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder
Substance/Medication-Induced Depressive Disorder
Depressive Disorder Due to Another Medical
Condition
• Other Specified Depressive Disorder
• Unspecified Depressive Disorder
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Anxiety Disorders
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Separation Anxiety Disorder
Selective Mutism
Specific Phobia
Social Anxiety Disorder (Social Phobia)
Panic Disorder
Panic Attack Specifier
Agoraphobia (characterized by anxiety in situations where the sufferer
perceives certain environments as dangerous or uncomfortable, often due to the
environment's vast openness or crowdedness)
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Substance/Medication-Induced Anxiety Disorder
Anxiety Disorder Due to Another Medical Condition
Other Specified Anxiety Disorder
Unspecified Anxiety Disorder
Obsessive-Compulsive and
Related Disorders
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Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (characterized by intrusive thoughts that
produce uneasiness, apprehension, fear, or worry; by repetitive behaviors aimed
at reducing the associated anxiety; or by a combination of such obsessions and
compulsions)
Body Dysmorphic Disorder (characterized by concern with body image,
manifested as excessive concern about and preoccupation with a perceived
defect regarding physical features)
Hoarding Disorder
Trichotillomania (Hair-Pulling Disorder)
Excoriation (Skin-Picking) Disorder
Substance/Medication-Induced Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorder Due to Another Medical Condition
Other Specified Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorder
Unspecified Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorder
Trauma- and Stressor-Related
Disorders
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Reactive Attachment Disorder (characterized by markedly disturbed and
developmentally inappropriate ways of relating socially in most contexts. It can
take the form of a persistent failure to initiate or respond to most social
interactions in a developmentally appropriate way—known as the "inhibited
form"—or can present itself as indiscriminate sociability, such as excessive
familiarity with relative strangers—known as the "disinhibited form“ – see below)
Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (Includes PTSD for children 6 years and younger)
Acute Stress Disorder
Adjustment Disorders
Other Specified Trauma and Stressor Related Disorders
Unspecified Trauma and Stressor Related Disorders
Dissociative Disorders
• Disruption in the usually integrated functions of consciousness,
identity, memory or perception of the environment
• Dissociative Identity Disorder (a.k.a. Multiple Personalities
Disorder)
• Dissociative Amnesia (specify if with dissociative fugue - loss of
memory sometimes including the memory of personal identity
due to brain injury, shock, fatigue, repression, or illness)
• Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder
• Other Specifies Dissociative Disorder
• Unspecified Dissociative Disorder
Somatic Symptom and Related
Disorders
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Somatic Symptom Disorder (any of a group of psychological disorders marked by
physical complaints for which no organic or physiological explanation is found and
for which there is a strong likelihood that psychological factors are involved)
Illness Anxiety Disorder (formerly Hypochondriasis)
Conversion Disorder causes patients to suffer from neurological symptoms, such
as numbness, blindness, paralysis, or fits without a definable organic cause. It is
thought that symptoms arise in response to stressful situations affecting a
patient's mental health.
Psychological Factors Affecting Other Medical Conditions
Factitious Disorder (Intentionally produced physical or psychological symptoms:
Includes FD imposed on self or another)
Other Specified Somatic Symptom and Related Disorder
Unspecified Somatic Symptom and Related Disorder
Feeding and Eating Disorders
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Pica (characterized by an appetite for substances largely non-nutritive,
such as ice, clay, chalk, dirt, or sand)
Rumination Disorder (characterized by effortless regurgitation of most
meals following consumption)
Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder
Anorexia Nervosa (restricting type or binge-eating/purging type)
Bulimia Nervosa
Binge-Eating Disorder
Other Specified Feeding or Eating Disorder
Unspecified Feeding or Eating Disorder
Elimination Disorders
• Enuresis: repeated inability to control urination (nocturnal,
diurnal, or combined)
• Encopresis: voluntary or involuntary fecal soiling in children who
have usually already been toilet trained (w or w/o constipation
and overflow incontinence)
• Other Specified Elimination Disorder (w/urinary or w/fecal
symptoms)
• Unspecified Elimination Disorder (w/urinary or w/fecal
symptoms)
Sleep-Wake Disorders
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Insomnia Disorder
Hypersomnolence Disorder
Narcolepsy (a chronic neurological disorder caused by the brain's
inability to regulate sleep-wake cycles normally. People with narcolepsy
often experience disturbed nocturnal sleep and an abnormal daytime
sleep pattern, which often is confused with insomnia. Narcoleptics,
when falling asleep, generally experience the REM stage of sleep within
5 minutes, while most people do not experience REM sleep until an hour
or so later.)
Breathing Related Sleep Disorders (apnea, etc.)
Parasomnias (sleep walking type, sleep terror type, restless legs
syndrome, etc.)
Sexual Dysfunctions
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Delayed Ejaculation
Erectile Disorder
Female Orgasmic disorder
Female Sexual Interest/Arousal Disorder
Male Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder
Premature Ejaculation
Substance/Medication Induced Sexual Dysfunction
Other Specified Sexual Dysfunction
Unspecified Sexual dysfunction
Gender Dysphoria
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Gender Dysphoria (a formal diagnosis used to describe people who
experience significant dysphoria (discontent) with the sex they were
assigned at birth and/or the gender roles associated with that sex.
Affected individuals are commonly referred to as transsexual or
transgender. Evidence suggests that people who identify with a gender
different from the one they were assigned at birth may do so not just
due to psychological or behavioral causes, but also biological ones
related to their genetics, the makeup of their brains, or prenatal
exposure to hormones)
Other Specified Gender Dysphoria
Unspecified Gender Dysphoria
Disruptive, Impulse Control
and Conduct Disorders
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Oppositional Defiant Disorder
Intermittent Explosive Disorder
Conduct Disorder (childhood or adolescent onset)
Antisocial Personality Disorder (characterized by a pervasive
pattern of disregard for, or violation of, the rights of others
that begins in childhood or early adolescence and continues into
adulthood: dual coded here and in Personality Disorders section)
Pyromania
Kleptomania
Other specified Disruptive, Impulse Control and Conduct
Disorders
Unspecified Disruptive, Impulse Control and Conduct Disorders
Substance-Related and
Addictive Disorders
• Categorized by drug: use disorder, intoxication,
withdrawal and other specified and unspecified
• Includes the following: alcohol, caffeine, cannabis,
hallucinogen (including hallucinogen persisting
perception disorder), inhalant, opioid, sedative,
hypnotic and anxiolytic, stimulant, tobacco, and
other or unknown substance
• Non-Substance-Related Disorder (Gambling Disorder)
Neurocognitive Disorders
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Delirium (an acute mental disturbance characterized by confused
thinking and disrupted attention usually accompanied by disordered
speech and hallucinations) Due to: substance intoxication, substance
withdrawal, medication induced, due to medical condition, other)
Major and Mild Neurocognitive Disorders (previously characterized as
“dementia”): a usually progressive condition marked by deteriorated
cognitive functioning often with emotional apathy) Due to: Alzheimers,
Frontotemporal lobar degeneration, Lewy bodies, vascular disturbance,
traumatic brain injury, HIV infection, Prion disease, Parkinson’s disease,
Huntington’s disease, other medical conditions, multiple etiologies, or
unspecified)
Personality Disorders
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A class of social disorders characterized by enduring maladaptive
patterns of behavior, cognition and inner experience, exhibited across
many contexts and deviating markedly from those accepted by the
individual's culture. These patterns develop early, are inflexible and are
associated with significant distress or disability.
Cluster A: Paranoid, Schizoid (characterized by a lack of interest in
social relationships, a tendency towards a solitary lifestyle,
secretiveness, emotional coldness, and apathy), Schizotypal
(characterized by a need for social isolation, anxiety in social situations,
odd behavior and thinking, and often unconventional beliefs)
Cluster B: Antisocial, Borderline (a disordered behavior pattern with
onset by early adulthood that is characterized by multiple types of
psychological instability and impulsiveness, often involves fear of
abandonment and a risk of suicide, and may ameliorate with age),
Histrionic, Narcissistic
Cluster C: Avoidant, Dependent, Obsessive-Compulsive
Other (due to medical condition, other specified and unspecified)
Paraphilic (the experience of intense
sexual arousal to atypical objects,
situations, or individuals) Disorders
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Voyeuristic Disorder
Exhibitionistic Disorder
Frotteuristic Disorder (characterized by an interest in rubbing, usually
one's pelvis or erect penis, against a non-consenting person for sexual
gratification. It may involve touching any part of the body including the
genital area)
Sexual Masochism Disorder
Sexual Sadism Disorder
Pedophilic Disorder (exclusive, nonexclusive, attracted to males,
females, both and/or limited to incest)
Fetishistic Disorder
Transvestic Disorder
Other specified and Unspecified
Other Mental Disorders
• Specified due to a medical condition
• Unspecified due to a medical condition
• Other or Unspecified
Medication Induced Movement Disorders
and Other Adverse Effects of Medication
• Neuroleptic-Induced Parkinsonism (characterized by tremor,
hypokinesia, rigidity, and postural instability)
• Other Medication-Induced Parkinsonism
• Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome: a life-threatening neurological
disorder most often caused by an adverse reaction to
neuroleptic or antipsychotic drugs. NMS typically consists of
muscle rigidity, fever, autonomic instability, and cognitive
changes such as delirium.
• Medication-Induced Acute Dystonia (sustained muscle
contractions cause twisting and repetitive movements or
abnormal postures)
• Medication-Induced Acute Akathisia (characterized by
unpleasant sensations of inner restlessness that manifests itself
with an inability to sit still or remain motionless)
Medication Induced Movement Disorders
and Other Adverse Effects of Medication
(Cont.)
• Tardive Dyskinesia: a disorder resulting in involuntary,
repetitive body movements. In this form of dyskinesia, the
involuntary movements are tardive, meaning they have a slow or
belated onset. This neurological disorder frequently appears
after long-term or high-dose use of antipsychotic drugs, or in
children and infants as a side effect from usage of drugs for
gastrointestinal disorders.
• Tardive Dystonia
• Tardive Akathisia
• Medication-Induced Postural Tremor
• Other Medication-Induced Movement Disorder
• Antidepressant Discontinuation Syndrome
• Other Adverse Effect of Medication
Other Conditions That May Be
a Focus of Clinical Attention
• Relational Problems
• Abuse and Neglect (incl. child physical abuse, child sexual abuse,
child psychological abuse and child neglect as well as adult
maltreatment, spousal (partner) abuse and non-spousal (partner)
abuse)
• Educational and Occupational Problems
• Housing and Economic Problems
• Other Problems Related to Social Environment
• Problems Related to Crime or the Legal System
• Other Health Service Encounters for Counseling and Medical
Advice
• Problems Related to Other Psychosocial, Personal and
Environmental Circumstances
• Other Circumstances of Personal History
Current Perspectives
• Medical Perspective: psychological
disorders are sicknesses and can be
diagnosed, treated and cured.
• Bio-Psycho-Social Perspective:
assumes biological, psychological and
sociocultural factors combine to
interact causing psychological disorders.
The Biopsychosocial Approach to
Psychological Disorders
The Biopsychosocial Approach to
Psychological Disorders
The Biopsychosocial Approach to
Psychological Disorders
The Biopsychosocial Approach to
Psychological Disorders
SANE OR INSANE ?
• A LEGAL TERM USED TO DETERMINE
ONES ABILITY TO STAND TRIAL ;
ALSO INFERS ONES MENTAL STATE
DURING THE TIME THEY
COMITTEDTHE CRIME; IS NOT
USED IN THE FIELD OF
PSYCHOLOGY, ONLY IN LAW
Anxiety Disorders
http://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/anxiety-disorders.html
• a group of conditions
where the primary
symptoms are anxiety
or defenses against
anxiety.
• the patient fears
something awful will
happen to them.
• They are in a state of
intense apprehension,
uneasiness,
uncertainty, or fear.
•
Brain area??(a-------)
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
(GAD)
• An anxiety disorder in
which a person is
continuously tense,
apprehensive and in a
state of autonomic
nervous system arousal.
• The patient is
constantly tense and
worried, feels
inadequate, is
oversensitive, can’t
concentrate and
suffers from insomnia.
Phobias
• A person experiences sudden
episodes of intense dread.
• Must be an irrational fear.
• Phobia List
• agoraphobia
Panic Disorder
• An anxiety disorder
marked by a minuteslong episode of
intense dread in which
a person experiences
terror and
accompanying chest
pain, choking and
other frightening
sensations.
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Sheldon has OCD
• Persistent unwanted
thoughts
(obsessions) cause
someone to feel the
need (compulsion)
to engage in a
particular action.
•
compulsion
• Obsession about
dirt and germs may
lead to compulsive
hand washing.
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Post-traumatic Stress Disorder
a.k.a. PTSD
• Flashbacks or
nightmares following
a person’s
involvement in or
observation of an
extremely stressful
event.
• Memories of the
event cause anxiety.
Somatic Symptom and Related
Disorders
http://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/somatoform-disorders.html
• Occur when a person
manifests a
psychological
problem through a
physiological
symptom.
• Two types……
Illness Anxiety Disorder (Used to be
termed Hypochondriasis)
• Has frequent
physical complaints
for which medical
doctors are unable
to locate the cause.
• They usually believe
that the minor
issues (headache,
upset stomach) are
indicative are more
severe illnesses.
Conversion Disorder
• Report the
existence of severe
physical problems
with no biological
reason.
• Like blindness or
paralysis.
Pol Pot
Dissociative Disorders
• These disorders
involve a disruption
in the conscious
process.
Dissociative Identity Disorder
example
#2
• Used to be known as
Multiple Personality
Disorder.
• A person has several
rather than one
integrated
personality.
• People with DID
commonly have a
history of childhood
abuse or trauma.
Depressive Disorders
http://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/mood-disorders.html
• Common symptoms include a depressed mood, which
includes feeling sad, and having less interest or
pleasure in things that are normally enjoyable. Other
core symptoms include low self-esteem, guilt,
tiredness, anxiety or pessimism, and sometimes
thinking about suicide. Some changes are more
physical, such as changes in how much and when a
person eats and sleeps, misusing drugs or alcohol, or
complaining of mental or physical fatigue.
Major Depressive Disorder
• Unhappy for at least
two weeks which may
have no apparent cause.
• Depression is the
common cold of
psychological disorders.
• May be seasonal
(formerly S.A.D.)
Persistent Depressive Disorder
(Formerly Dysthymic Disorder)
• Suffering from
mild depression
every day for at
least two years.
Depression
Depression
Premenstrual Dysphoric
Disorder
• Severe form of
premenstrual syndrome
experienced by about
2% of women.
• Like PMS, premenstrual
dysphoric disorder
follows a predictable,
cyclic pattern.
• Symptoms include
sadness, anxiety, anger,
despair, and/or
irritability.
Bipolar Disorder
Todd 1
Todd 2
Todd 3
• Formerly manic
depression.
• Involves periods of
depression and manic
episodes.
• Manic episodes involve
feelings of high energy
(but they tend to differ
a lot…some get confident
and some get irritable).
• Engage in risky behavior
during the manic episode.
Bipolar Disorder
• Bipolar Disorder
–Mania (manic)
• Overtalkative, overactive, elated,
little need for sleep, etc.
–Bipolar disorder and creativity
Bipolar Brain
Understanding Depressive and Bipolar
Disorders
The Biological Perspective
• Genetic Influences
– Mood disorders run in families
• Heritability
• Linkage analysis
• Biochemical influences
– Norepinephrine and serotonin
Understanding Depressive and Bipolar
Disorders
The Biological Perspective
Understanding Depressive and Bipolar
Disorders
The Biological Perspective
Understanding Depressive and Bipolar
Disorders
The Biological Perspective
Understanding Depressive Disorders
The Social-Cognitive Perspective
• Negative Thoughts and Moods Interact
– Self-defeating beliefs
• Learned helplessness
• Overthinking
– Explanatory style
• Stable, global, internal explanations
Understanding Depressive Disorders
Explanatory Style
Understanding Depressive Disorders
Explanatory Style
Understanding Depressive Disorders
Explanatory Style
Understanding Depressive Disorders
Explanatory Style
Understanding Depressive Disorders
Explanatory Style
Understanding Depressive Disorders
Explanatory Style
Understanding Depressive Disorders
Explanatory Style
Understanding Depressive Disorders
Explanatory Style
Understanding Depressive Disorders
Explanatory Style
Understanding Depressive Disorders
Explanatory Style
Personality Disorders
http://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/personality-disorders.html
• Well-established,
maladaptive ways of
behaving that
negatively affect
people’s ability to
function.
• Dominates their
personality.
Antisocial Personality Disorder
despite the use of the outdated terminology--
• Lack of empathy.
• Little regard for
other’s feelings.
• View the world as
hostile and look out
for themselves.
• Lack impulse
control,(frontal lobe)
take action without
thinking about
consequences
•
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o
aTfdKYbudk
Histrionic Personality Disorder
• Needs to be the
center of attention.
• Whether acting silly
or dressing
provocatively.
Narcissistic Personality Disorder
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PuB_ng5uVaI&list=PL935C8510E8B3A9FA
• Having an
unwarranted sense
of self-importance.
• Thinking that you
are the center of
the universe.
North Dakota Null-Hypothesis Brain Inventory
1. I salivate at the sight of mittens.
2. If I go into the street, I’m apt to be bitten by a horse.
3. Some people never look at me.
4. Spinach makes me feel alone.
5. My sex life is A-okay.
6. When I look down from a high spot, I want to spit.
7. I like to kill mosquitoes.
8. Cousins are not to be trusted.
9. It makes me embarrassed to fall down.
10. I get nauseous from too much roller skating.
11. I think most people would cry to gain a point.
12. I cannot read or write.
13. I am bored by thoughts of death.
14. I become homicidal when people try to reason with me.
15. I would enjoy the work of a chicken flicker.
16. I am never startled by a fish.
17. My mother’s uncle was a good man.
18. I don’t like it when somebody is rotten.
19. People who break the law are wise guys.
20. I have never gone to pieces over the weekend.
21. I think beavers work too hard.
22. I use shoe polish to excess.
23. God is love.
24. I like mannish children.
25. I have always been disturbed by the sight of Lincoln’s ears.
26. I always let people get ahead of me at swimming pools.
27. Most of the time I go to sleep without saying goodbye.
28. I am not afraid of picking up door knobs.
29. I believe I smell as good as most people.
30. Frantic screams make me nervous.
31. It’s hard for me to say the right thing when I find myself in a room full of mice.
32. I would never tell my nickname in a crisis.
33. A wide necktie is a sign of disease.
34. As a child I was deprived of licorice.
35. I would never shake hands with a gardener.
36. My eyes are always cold.
Etiology of Schizophrenia
( the study of causation)
#27: http://www.learner.org/resources/series142.html?pop=yes&pid=1575#
http://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/schizophrenia.html
genetics, abnormal brain structure, and
biochemistry(excess of dopamine)
Diathesis-stress hypothesis –
Genetic factors place the individual at risk,
but environmental stress factors transform
this potential into an actual schizophrenic
disorder
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
Schizophrenic Disorders
26: http://www.learner.org/resources/series142.html?pop=yes&pid=1575#
• About 1 in every 100
people are diagnosed
with schizophrenia.
Symptoms of
Schizophrenia
1. Disorganized thinking.
2. Disturbed Perceptions
3. Inappropriate
Emotions and Actions
Disorganized Thinking
• The thinking of a
person with
Schizophrenia is
fragmented and
bizarre and distorted
with false beliefs.
• Disorganized thinking
comes from a
breakdown in selective
attention.- they
cannot filter out
information.
Delusions (false beliefs)
• Delusions of
Persecution
• Delusions of
Grandeur
Disturbed Perceptions
Beautiful Mind clip
• hallucinationssensory experiences
without sensory
stimulation.
Inappropriate Emotions and
Actions
• Laugh at
inappropriate times.
• Flat Affect
• Senseless,
compulsive acts.
• Catatoniamotionless Waxy
Flexibility
Positive v. Negative Symptoms
Positive Symptoms
•Presence of
inappropriate symptoms
Negative Symptoms
•Absence of
appropriate ones.
Differing Faces of Schizophrenia (no
longer subtypes)
Realistic Schizophrenic Experience
Disorganized Schizophrenia
• disorganized speech
or behavior, or flat or
inappropriate emotion.
• Clang associations
• "Imagine the worst
Systematic,
sympathetic
Quite pathetic,
apologetic, paramedic
Your heart is
prosthetic"
Paranoid Schizophrenia
• preoccupation with
delusions or
hallucinations.
• Somebody is out to
get me!!!!
Catatonic Schizophrenia
• Flat affect
• Waxy Flexibility
• parrot like repeating
of another’s speech
and movements
Undifferentiated Schizophrenia
Putting it all together-could Harry Potter been schizophrenic???
• Many and
varied
Symptoms.
Other Disorders
• Paraphilias
(pedophilia,
zoophilia,
hybristophilia)
• Fetishism
• sadist, masochist
• Eating Disorders
• Substance use
disorders
• ADHD
The Rosenhan Study
Rosenhahn Study
• Rosenhan’s associates
were Malingering
symptoms of hearing
voices.
• They were ALL admitted
for schizophrenia.
• None were exposed as
imposters.
• They all left diagnosed
with schizophrenia in
remission.
• What are some of the
questions raised by this
study?
Do “Mental Disorders” really exist?
• Thomas Szasz: mental illness is a myth
• labeling: gives society the right to treat
what are really social problems
• Once labelled, people can be treated for
being “different”
Perspectives and Disorders
Psychological School/Perspective
Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic
Cause of the Disorder
Internal, unconscious drives
Humanistic
Failure to strive to one’s potential or
being out of touch with one’s feelings.
Behavioral
Reinforcement history, the
environment.
Cognitive
Irrational, dysfunctional thoughts or
ways of thinking.
Sociocultural
Biomedical/Neuroscience
Dysfunctional Society
Organic problems, biochemical
imbalances, genetic predispositions.