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Page Laser Disk 1 Name___________________________ Pr____ Date : __________________________ Chapter 20: Transcription RNA differs from DNA in three ways. 1. It is ___________ stranded instead of double-stranded. 2. It has ______________ instead of deoxyribose. 3. It has ___________ ( ) instead of thymine (T). The manufacture of mRNA from a DNA template is called _______________________. It begins when two strands of DNA unwind and separate. Only _________ strand of DNA serves as a template for mRNA. The enzyme ______________________________ matches RNA nucleotides with the complimentary ones on the template strand of DNA. _____ pairs with A on the DNA. When the mRNA is completed, ____________ bonds form again in the DNA molecule and the DNA coils back up. The coded instructions on the ________ have now been copied to a new _________. Chapter 21: Protein Synthesis A protein is a chain of _____________________. The linking together of amino acids is called __________________________ and this occurs in the _____________________ of a cell. First the __________ leaves the nucleus through a nuclear pore after it has been transcribed from _________. The assembly of a protein takes place on a ___________________ in the cytoplasm. A ribosome consists of two subunits: a ____________ and a ______________. Floating in the cytoplasm are amino acids and ___________.. Each amino acid binds to its own specific ___________. A 3-base region on a tRNA is complementary to a 3-base region on a ______. The three bases on a mRNA are called a _____________. The complementary three bases on a tRNA are called an ________________________. First, a small _________ binds to the _________ at a ___________ codon (which is AUG). A specific tRNA carrying the amino acid methionine binds to the ________. The anitocodon on the tRNA matches the _____________ on the mRNA. Then a large __________ subunit binds to the small rRNA and the mRNA. A second __________ with its attached _________________________ binds to the second codon of the __________. The first amino acid is transferred from its ________ to the second amino acid and a covalent bond between the two amino acids is formed. The first tRNA _____________. The ribosome moves down the mRNA to the third codon. The third codon is recognized by the _________________ of another tRNA carrying an ____________________. The growing protein chain is transferred to the third amino acid and the second __________ detaches. The ribosome again moves along the _____. A ____________ is expose. Again a codon is matched by an ________________ of a tRNA carrying an ____________________. The protein chain is shifted, adding another _______________ to the chain. The ________ that lost its amino acid detaches and the ribosome moves down the mRNA strand to the next codon. This process, called ___________________, builds a protein one amino acid at a time. The sequence of amino acids in a new protein is determined by the order of bases in _______ (which was determined by the sequence of bases in _________). At the end of the mRNA, the ribosome encounters a _________ codon such as UGA. The completed protein detaches. The _______ floats off. MRNA detaches from the _____________ and splits into the small and large subunits.