Download Atomic Theory and the Nuclear Atom

Atomic Theory and the Nuclear Atom
Unit 2 Page 9
Learning Target:
I can describe the characteristics of alpha, beta, and gamma radiation.
Criteria for Success:
I can define nuclide.
I can list six characteristics of stable nuclides.
I can determine whether a nuclide is stable or unstable.
Notes
Introduction to Nuclear Chemistry
The Nucleus
1. In nuclear chemistry, an atom is referred to as a ____________ and is identified by the number of ________________
and _______________. In nuclear chemistry the focus is on the nucleus of the atom.
a. _________________ are represented in one of the two following ways.
1.
2.
b. Another general name for protons or neutrons is ______________.
Characteristics of a Stable Nuclide
A. It may seem surprising that a large number of _______________ can reside within the small volume of the nucleus. A
close distances, however, a strong force of attraction, called the _____________ _________ exists between nucleons.
______________ are very involved in this force.
1. Atoms having low atomic numbers (up to about ___) are more stable when the neutron-proton ratio is
________.
2. Atoms having large atomic numbers are more stable when there are greater numbers of _______________
than ________________.
3. No stable nuclides exist for atoms with atomic numbers greater than _____.
4. Stable nuclides tend to have even numbers of both ________________ and __________________.
5. According to the nuclear __________ model, nucleons exist in different energy levels, or shells, in the nucleus.
Nuclei with 2, 8, 20, 28, 50, or 82 protons or 2,8, 20, 28, 50, 82, or 126 neutrons are generally more stable than
those that do not contain these numbers of nucleons. These are known as ___________ numbers.
6. Stable nuclides have a number of neutrons that is _______ to or ________ than the number of protons.
Except hydrogen-1 and helium-3.
¿Qué Dijo?
Atomic Theory and the Nuclear Atom
Unit 2 Page 10
Independent Practice
1. The nucleus of an atom has _______.
I. protons
II. neutrons
III. electrons
A) I only
B) II only
C) I and II only
D) I and III only
E) I, II, and III
2. Which of these is a generic name for the subatomic
particles in the nucleus of an atom?
A) nuclide
B) nucleon
C) isotope
D) quark
3. In the following nuclide, which number is the mass
number?
206
Pb
82
4. In the following nuclide, which number is the atomic
number?
253
Es
99
5. How many neutrons does the following nuclide have?
257
Fm
100
6. Which of the notations below is another way to write
the name of the following nuclide?
127
8. Determine whether the following nuclide is stable or
unstable.
40
Ca
A) stable
20
B) unstable
Why?
9. Determine whether the following nuclide is stable or
unstable.
10
Be
A) stable
4
B) unstable
Why?
10. Determine whether the following nuclide is stable or
unstable.
209
Bi
A) stable
83
B) unstable
Why?
11. Determine whether the following nuclide is stable
or unstable.
nickel-54
A) stable
B) unstable
Why?
I
53
A) iodine-53
B) iodine-74
C) iodine-127
D) iodine-180
7. Determine whether the following nuclide is stable or
unstable.
uranium-238
A) stable
B) unstable
Why?
12. Determine whether the following nuclide is stable
or unstable.
helium-3
A) stable
B) unstable
Why?