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Cells Kinds of Cells and Functions Did you know? There are more bacterial cells in the body than human cells • Scientists have estimated that 95% of all cells in the body are bacteria • Majority are in the digestive tract • Cells Different Kinds of Cells 1 2 Cells Cells in Humans Kinds of Cells and Functions Kinds of Cells and Functions Cells Muscle Cells Smallest unit of life • Different shapes and sizes • Each kind of cell has a different function • Two types of cells: • Prokaryotic — single-celled organisms • Eukaryotic — multi-cellular organisms • Contract and relax • Allows us to move our body • TB Pages 40 - 41 3 4 Cells in Humans Cells in Humans Kinds of Cells and Functions Kinds of Cells and Functions Skin Cells Nerve Cells It is a barrier • Prevents harmful substances to enter our body • • TB Pages 40 - 41 Carry messages • Brain to all parts of the body • All parts of the body to the brain TB Pages 40 - 41 5 6 Cells in Humans Cells in Humans Kinds of Cells and Functions Kinds of Cells and Functions Red Blood Cells White Blood Cells Carries oxygen and carbon dioxide • Circulates around the body Protects our body • Fights diseases • “Soldiers” • • TB Pages 40 - 41 TB Pages 40 - 41 7 8 Cells in Humans Cells in Humans Kinds of Cells and Functions Kinds of Cells and Functions Bone Cells Gamete Cells Gives our body shape • Allows us to move For reproduction • Sperm cell • Egg cell • • TB Pages 40 - 41 TB Pages 40 - 41 9 10 Cells in Plants Cells in Plants Kinds of Cells and Functions Kinds of Cells and Functions Guard Cells Mesophyll Cells Found in the leaf • Controls the stomata • Openings of the leaf that allow gases to go in and out. Found in the leaf • Contains chloroplasts •C o n t a i n s the chlorophyl • Traps energy from the sun for photosynthesis • • TB Pages 42 - 43 TB Pages 42 - 43 11 12 Cells in Plants Cells in Plants Kinds of Cells and Functions Kinds of Cells and Functions Xylem and Phloem Cells Root Hair Cells Xylem • Transports water and mineral salts • Phloem • Sieve tube cells • Transports glucose from the leaf to the other parts of the plant Found in the roots • Transports water and mineral salts • Absorbs water and mineral salts • • TB Pages 42 - 43 TB Pages 42 - 43 13 14 Cells Cells Kinds of Cells and Functions Kinds of Cells and Functions Did you know? Why do cells need energy? To carry our their function — move substances in and out of the cell • To grow • To carry out • • 15 Brain cells need 2 times more energy than the other cells of the body. 16 Cells Cells Cell Division Cell Division Cell Division Mitosis Cells grow and multiply • Cells divide into two or more cells • • Cell division in multicellular organisms 17 18 Cells Cells Cell Division Cell Division Binary Fission Mitosis and Binary Fission — Venn Diagram Cell division in bacteria and paramecia — unicellular organism • The cell divides into two and each one becomes a new cell • Divides into nearly equal size • BINARY FISSION Unicellular Organisms Prokaryotic Cells 19 • • • CELL DIVISION Divides into 2 Almost equal in size Identical as the parent cell 20 MITOSIS Multicellular Organisms Eukaryotic Cells