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Ecological Networks Nathan Crum Ecology • Study of the interactions between organisms and their environment • Study of ecosystems – Ecosystem- web/network of relationships of organisms to each other and their environment Food Webs • Illustrates predation, herbivory, decomposition, and biotic-abiotic interactions Other Interactions • Competition – Interspecific and Intraspecific • Mutualism • Parasitism • Commensalism Niches • Resource Partitioning- differentiation of niches allowing species to coexist – Difference between fundamental and realized niche – Leads to character displacement Keystone Species • Larger effect on ecosystem than population size would suggest – Ex. Sea Otters and Starfish The Fluidity of Ecosystems • Biomanipulation- altering the density of high level consumers to control the density of organisms in lower trophic levels Abiotic Factors • Abiotic environment is a hub – The Sun – Water – Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide – Soil – Temperature