Download 07.10 Indirect Statement Indirect Statement

07.10 Indirect Statement
Indirect Statement
1. In English, after verbs of thinking, knowing, hearing, perceiving, etc., if words are not
quoted directly (direct statement), a clause is often introduced by
________________(indirect statement).
For example: He says, "The boys are working." (_________________________) versus He
says that the boys are working. (indirect statement).
Note that in the second sentence there are two clauses: "He says" (independent clause
because it can stand by itself) and "that the boys are working" (dependent clause-makes no
sense ______________ the first clause).
2. Some Latin verbs that introduce indirect statement are as follows:
audio --
sentio --
video --
scio --
dico --
cerno --
(cog)nosco --
ostendo --
monstro --
puto --
spero --
insto --
This is by no means a complete list. Think of other words in the same family: say, tell,
report, announce, etc. You will notice that the word that naturally follows each one.


I hear that...
I know that...
It is important that you know that principal parts of these verbs. Indirect statement hinges
on having the correct verb tense of the main verb. Take the time now to insure that you
have the four principal parts firmly in mind before going any further.
3. In Latin, an infinitive with an _______________subject is used instead of a that clause to
express an indirect statement. Notice the subject of the dependent clause is in the
accusative, not the nominative, as is second nature to us now. Also, the verb is an infinitive;
therefore, there will be no personal ending on the verb of the dependent clause. Very
different from what we are accustomed to!
Example:
In English we say: He said that she (nominative) was his friend (nominative).
The Romans would say: He said her (________________) to be his friend (accusative). or
Dixit eam esse eius amicam.
In order to put your translation in good English word order, you will need to change the
infinitive phrase to a "that" clause. The infinitive is translated as a conjugated verb. To do
so, you must remember the following:
4. When you think about the infinitives, you have to think about three things:
Present infinitives are the same time AS THE _______________.
_______________ infinitives are time before THE MAIN VERB.
Future infinitives are _____________________ THE MAIN VERB.