Download Ancient Greece Lesson 2

Ancient Greece
Lesson 2
The Rise of Greek Cities
Vocabulary
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Polis
Acropolis
Agora
Citizen
Oligarchy
Monarchy
Democracy
Colony
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Homer
Athens
Sparta
Mount
Olympus
READ ALOUD
• “’Shared blood, shared
language, shared religion, and
shared customs.’ Long ago a
Greek historian named
Herodotus used these words to
describe what it meant to be
Greek. Greeks were very
proud of what they shared.
However, they prized just as
highly those things that made
them different from one
another. Those differences
began in the many city-states
that dotted the mainland and
islands of ancient Greece”
(Banks. 2001, p. 196).
The Big Picture
• 1100 B.C. – Egypt’ New Kingdom and
Shang Dynasty were loosing power
• 1100 – 800 B.C. – Greece – little known
of this time period.
• 700 B.C. – Greek artifacts found
– Formation of city-states (polis)
– Groups of powerful man decision-makers
A Greek Polis
• Cities shared a similar
plan
• Built around or atop a
hill or acropolis
• Nearby clearing, or
agora, for farmers to
trade at a
marketplace.
Developing Governments
• Citizenship required
of leaders with rights
and responsibilities to
country and
community
• Only men citizens
• Women and slaves
had no rights
• Athens –
– Before 600 B.C. –
ruled by king as a
monarchy – rule by
one
– 600 B.C. – oligarchy –
small group rule –
resting on the value of
property giving the rich
power, the poor none
Two Greek Cities
• Athens
• Boys – worked for their
fathers in the fields,
pottery, stone working,
studied reading and
writing if parents could
afford it. Practiced
wrestling and boxing
• Girls – “SEE, HEAR, AND
ASK LITTLE,” WAVING
CLOTH, stayed at home
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Sparta
700 BC
30 miles from Med. Sea
Farmers –slaves –Helots,
who revolted in 600 BC
• Boys joined military at 7
• Girls tough military
mothers
Government in Athens
• Monarchy
• Oligarchy
• Democracy – rule by
the people
• City divided into
demes
• 10 demes
• Each had 50
representatives
• Selected by lot
• Served in the 500
• Building was the
tholos (round)
Shared Culture
• Gods ruled their lives
• Gods “lived” on Mt.
Olympus in northern
Greece
Special Festivals
• Each polis honored a
special god or
goddess
• Athens – Athena
• Each polis competed
in the Olympics
A Greek Poet – Homer
• Lived from 800-7– BC
• The Iliad - Trojan War
• The Odyssey – Odysseus’ journey home
Beyond Greece
• Traveled beyond
• 500 BC Greek city-states all around Med.
Sea
Why It Matters
• United to fight the Persians
• Ideas of democracy
Main Ideas
• Life is most of the Greek city-states
revolved around an agora and an
acropolis
• Spartans spent much of their time working
to strengthen their bodies and their army.
In Athens free women nd girls worked at
home. Boys and men worked, went to
school, or took part in government.
Think About It
• What did city-states have in common? What
made them different?
• Who was allowed to vote in the developing
democracy of Athens?
• Why was life in Sparta so different from life in
Athens?
• What effects did slavery have on life in Sparta?
• What made the agora a center for cultural
interaction?