The Erinyes in Aeschylus` Oresteia - VUW research archive
... 1.1 Introduction The Oresteia is a trilogy densely packed with the social, moral, religious and judicial predicaments of its agents. Questions of justice – private and public, retributive and distributive – are foremost; but they are interrelated with issues of dominance between old and new, male an ...
... 1.1 Introduction The Oresteia is a trilogy densely packed with the social, moral, religious and judicial predicaments of its agents. Questions of justice – private and public, retributive and distributive – are foremost; but they are interrelated with issues of dominance between old and new, male an ...
Sophocles and Alcibiades
... Greek politics were highly personalized. The very existence of the institution of ostracism, for example, whereby individuals were sent into exile by means of a popular vote, attests to the fact. Pericles owed his dominance of Athenian political life in large part to the fact that he had successfull ...
... Greek politics were highly personalized. The very existence of the institution of ostracism, for example, whereby individuals were sent into exile by means of a popular vote, attests to the fact. Pericles owed his dominance of Athenian political life in large part to the fact that he had successfull ...
Grissom_umd_0117E_13755 - DRUM
... The Department of History at the University of Maryland welcomed me with open arms and helped me broaden my focus through a comprehensive course of study. Special thanks must go out to Dr. Ken Holum whose perspective on history is very different from my own. This difference, of course, has made me a ...
... The Department of History at the University of Maryland welcomed me with open arms and helped me broaden my focus through a comprehensive course of study. Special thanks must go out to Dr. Ken Holum whose perspective on history is very different from my own. This difference, of course, has made me a ...
Alcibiades ΠΟΛΥΤΡΟΠΟΣ: Socratic Philosopher and Tragic Hero?
... had famously claimed to be ‘the same’ (.., ..), but, paradoxically, his immutability permitted the Athenians to be irresponsible, since they could rely upon him to return them to the proper course of action whenever they strayed (..). In any case, Alcibiades has for the second time de ...
... had famously claimed to be ‘the same’ (.., ..), but, paradoxically, his immutability permitted the Athenians to be irresponsible, since they could rely upon him to return them to the proper course of action whenever they strayed (..). In any case, Alcibiades has for the second time de ...
by Euripides - comparativeliterature
... oral storytelling, in which tales were verbally passed from town to town, generation to generation. It was not until a century after their author created them that most of these works were actually written down. After his death, Euripides's plays enjoyed more popularity than they had during his life ...
... oral storytelling, in which tales were verbally passed from town to town, generation to generation. It was not until a century after their author created them that most of these works were actually written down. After his death, Euripides's plays enjoyed more popularity than they had during his life ...
Daedalus, Minos, Ariadne, and Theseus
... entrance of the maze. The first was a ball of thread. Daedalus instructed Ariadne to have Theseus tie one end near the entrance of the Labyrinth, then unwind it as he walked in, always heading down and straight when he had a choice. The second was a sword. Though Asterius was inhumanly strong, he wa ...
... entrance of the maze. The first was a ball of thread. Daedalus instructed Ariadne to have Theseus tie one end near the entrance of the Labyrinth, then unwind it as he walked in, always heading down and straight when he had a choice. The second was a sword. Though Asterius was inhumanly strong, he wa ...
e Council of the Areopagus
... leave Athens aer withdrawing from the trial. e trial would proceed with each side giving one or more speeches (see Din. ., where he says that he does not have to give all the details of the case because a fellow-prosecutor, Stratocles, has already given his speech). Aeschines, speaking in praise ...
... leave Athens aer withdrawing from the trial. e trial would proceed with each side giving one or more speeches (see Din. ., where he says that he does not have to give all the details of the case because a fellow-prosecutor, Stratocles, has already given his speech). Aeschines, speaking in praise ...
A General History for Colleges and High Schools
... Modern. Ancient History begins with the earliest nations of which we can gain any certain knowledge, and extends to the fall of the Roman Empire in the West, A.D. 476. Mediæval History embraces the period, about one thousand years in length, lying between the fall of Rome and the discovery of the Ne ...
... Modern. Ancient History begins with the earliest nations of which we can gain any certain knowledge, and extends to the fall of the Roman Empire in the West, A.D. 476. Mediæval History embraces the period, about one thousand years in length, lying between the fall of Rome and the discovery of the Ne ...
Herodotus: Father of History, Father of Lies
... world, intending to visit as many countries as he could and meet as many people as possible. It is believed that Herodotus first traveled to the north, which makes sense given his inquisitive nature. To the south lay Egypt, a country well known to the Greeks, and one with whom there were "long and a ...
... world, intending to visit as many countries as he could and meet as many people as possible. It is believed that Herodotus first traveled to the north, which makes sense given his inquisitive nature. To the south lay Egypt, a country well known to the Greeks, and one with whom there were "long and a ...
A Victor of Salamis
... and earth to have your Ephors and Council somewhat more forward than of late in preparing for war? We all count on you.” “I will try.” “Who can ask more? But now make an end to statecraft. We were speaking about the pentathlon and the chances of—” Here the same brawling voices that had arrested Simo ...
... and earth to have your Ephors and Council somewhat more forward than of late in preparing for war? We all count on you.” “I will try.” “Who can ask more? But now make an end to statecraft. We were speaking about the pentathlon and the chances of—” Here the same brawling voices that had arrested Simo ...
Leo Strauss on Thucydides - National Humanities Institute
... write the speeches himself, keeping as close as possible to the gist of what the speakers had said.”38 Yet “the wording of the speeches is Thucydides’ own work.”39 The speeches, in Strauss’s judgment, are a particularly useful tool because they precede and succeed actions, and can therefore be measu ...
... write the speeches himself, keeping as close as possible to the gist of what the speakers had said.”38 Yet “the wording of the speeches is Thucydides’ own work.”39 The speeches, in Strauss’s judgment, are a particularly useful tool because they precede and succeed actions, and can therefore be measu ...
Alcibiades - Miss Allaker`s Classical Studies
... to be faithful before that time or afterward. He committed evil deeds because he thought he would be manipulating a situation for his own self-interest or simply because of whatever short-term pleasure it offered and he did not care about the harm that he caused. If he actually cared, he could have ...
... to be faithful before that time or afterward. He committed evil deeds because he thought he would be manipulating a situation for his own self-interest or simply because of whatever short-term pleasure it offered and he did not care about the harm that he caused. If he actually cared, he could have ...
The Trial of Socrates
... significance to the political crimes, while other historians such as James A. Colaiaco, author of Socrates Against Athens, give more weight to the charge of impiety. I. F. Stone argues that "Athenians were accustomed to hearing the gods treated disrespectfully in both the comic and tragic theatre." ...
... significance to the political crimes, while other historians such as James A. Colaiaco, author of Socrates Against Athens, give more weight to the charge of impiety. I. F. Stone argues that "Athenians were accustomed to hearing the gods treated disrespectfully in both the comic and tragic theatre." ...
The Trial of Socrates by Doug Linder (2002)
... democracy was temporarily overthrown, one four-month period in 411-410 and another slightly longer period in 404-403. The prime movers in both of the anti-democratic movements were former pupils of Socrates, Alcibiades and Critias. Athenians undoubtedly considered the teachings of Socrates--especial ...
... democracy was temporarily overthrown, one four-month period in 411-410 and another slightly longer period in 404-403. The prime movers in both of the anti-democratic movements were former pupils of Socrates, Alcibiades and Critias. Athenians undoubtedly considered the teachings of Socrates--especial ...
PDF - UWA Research Repository
... From the mid-fifth century the Athenian democracy paid every citizen who volunteered as a juror for each day of service. This system of civic pay had the effect of reducing the loss in earnings ordinary citizens incurred by participating in government. Since the popular courts were a powerful instit ...
... From the mid-fifth century the Athenian democracy paid every citizen who volunteered as a juror for each day of service. This system of civic pay had the effect of reducing the loss in earnings ordinary citizens incurred by participating in government. Since the popular courts were a powerful instit ...
The Political Motivations Behind Socrates` Execution
... leaders from prosecution. However, this amnesty did not imply that the violent rule of the Thirty was forgotten. The exiled democrats for one who returned to the city were unlikely to forget their bitter treatment and material losses so quickly. It is likely that they would look for retribution agai ...
... leaders from prosecution. However, this amnesty did not imply that the violent rule of the Thirty was forgotten. The exiled democrats for one who returned to the city were unlikely to forget their bitter treatment and material losses so quickly. It is likely that they would look for retribution agai ...
Euripides Biography
... The earliest of Euripides' extant plays is the Alcestis of 438 B.C. This drama was the fourth play of a series of four, a position usually occupied by a satyr play. But Akestis is no satyr play, and despite its happy ending, it is fully tragic in its themes. Its premise is the fairy−tale motif of re ...
... The earliest of Euripides' extant plays is the Alcestis of 438 B.C. This drama was the fourth play of a series of four, a position usually occupied by a satyr play. But Akestis is no satyr play, and despite its happy ending, it is fully tragic in its themes. Its premise is the fairy−tale motif of re ...
Aristophanes on Alcibiades - Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies
... play was Banqueters, while the gloss in Hesychius tells us that the rake was Alcibiades. 3 But there is no evidence in the Aristophanic corpus for an entire play devoted, like Eupolis' Baptai, to an attack on Alcibiades. Acharnians contains one certain reference to Alcibiades. At 714-16 the chorus p ...
... play was Banqueters, while the gloss in Hesychius tells us that the rake was Alcibiades. 3 But there is no evidence in the Aristophanic corpus for an entire play devoted, like Eupolis' Baptai, to an attack on Alcibiades. Acharnians contains one certain reference to Alcibiades. At 714-16 the chorus p ...
the price of failure
... resolve this tension between intuitive modern conclusions and the evidence. We can use several approaches to reconstructing these elements of Athenian culture. First, the career of Nicias himself, and explicit Athenian evaluations of that career where they survive, can provide some insight into the ...
... resolve this tension between intuitive modern conclusions and the evidence. We can use several approaches to reconstructing these elements of Athenian culture. First, the career of Nicias himself, and explicit Athenian evaluations of that career where they survive, can provide some insight into the ...
Socrates in the Agora
... is arrived at, Euthyphro finds himself retreating from one position after another as he is unable to defend it against Socratic questioning, It is this power of Socrates about which one Nicias warns Lysimachus in another dialogue (Laches 187d): ‘You do not seem to know that whoever becomes involved ...
... is arrived at, Euthyphro finds himself retreating from one position after another as he is unable to defend it against Socratic questioning, It is this power of Socrates about which one Nicias warns Lysimachus in another dialogue (Laches 187d): ‘You do not seem to know that whoever becomes involved ...
Philip II of Macedon: aspects of his reign
... involvement with the various Greek city-‐states and the frequently changing factions they made up is far too lengthy and complicated to address in its entirety. Consequently his relations with ...
... involvement with the various Greek city-‐states and the frequently changing factions they made up is far too lengthy and complicated to address in its entirety. Consequently his relations with ...
Gadfly on Trial: Socrates as Citizen and Social Critic
... jurors must weigh my opponent’s lying words against my reputation and you should judge me accordingly. If there are nasty rumors about me floating around, these are the product of my opponent’s slanders. Now Socrates at first seems to be playing by the usual rules. When responding to the “old charge ...
... jurors must weigh my opponent’s lying words against my reputation and you should judge me accordingly. If there are nasty rumors about me floating around, these are the product of my opponent’s slanders. Now Socrates at first seems to be playing by the usual rules. When responding to the “old charge ...
Title: Thucydides and U.S. Foreign Policy Debates after the Cold War
... As well as being used to support the tenets of structural realism, Thucydides is often considered an exponent of ‘classical realism’, according to which the anarchy of the international system is not caused by the system itself but is a product of the individual characteristics and human aims of ea ...
... As well as being used to support the tenets of structural realism, Thucydides is often considered an exponent of ‘classical realism’, according to which the anarchy of the international system is not caused by the system itself but is a product of the individual characteristics and human aims of ea ...
After the Democracy: Athens under Phocion (322/1 – 319/8 B.C.)
... also a few ancient historians who offer some insight into the events of this period. Diodorus is a useful resource. He examines the causes of the Lamian War and gives a detailed list of the Greeks that joined the fight for freedom and autonomy. He also provides a reasonable account of the struggle ...
... also a few ancient historians who offer some insight into the events of this period. Diodorus is a useful resource. He examines the causes of the Lamian War and gives a detailed list of the Greeks that joined the fight for freedom and autonomy. He also provides a reasonable account of the struggle ...
Ancient Greek warfare
The Greek 'Dark Age' drew to a close as a significant increase in population allowed urbanized culture to be restored, and the rise of the city-states (Poleis). These developments ushered in the Archaic period (800-480 BC). They also restored the capability of organized warfare between these Poleis (as opposed to small-scale raids to acquire livestock and grain, for example). The fractious nature of Ancient Greek society seems to have made continuous conflict on this larger scale inevitable.Concomitant with the rise of the city-state was the evolution of a new way of warfare - the hoplite phalanx. When exactly the phalanx developed is uncertain, but it is thought to have been developed by the Spartans. The chigi vase, dated to around 650 BC, is the earliest depiction of a hoplite in full battle array. The hoplite was a well-armed and armored citizen-soldier primarily drawn from the middle classes. Every man had to serve at least two years in the army. Fighting in the tight phalanx formation maximised the effectiveness of his armor, large shield and long spear, presenting a wall of armor and spearpoints to the enemy. They were a force to be reckoned with.With this evolution in warfare, battles seem to have consisted mostly of the clash of hoplite phalanxes from the city-states in conflict. Since the soldiers were citizens with other occupations, warfare was limited in distance, season and scale. Neither side could afford heavy casualties or sustained campaigns, so conflicts seem to have been resolved by a single set-piece battle.The scale and scope of warfare in Ancient Greece changed dramatically as a result of the Greco-Persian Wars. To fight the enormous armies of the Achaemenid Empire was effectively beyond the capabilities of a single city-state. The eventual triumph of the Greeks was achieved by alliances of many city-states (the exact composition changing over time), allowing the pooling of resources and division of labour. Although alliances between city states occurred before this time, nothing on this scale had been seen before. The rise of Athens and Sparta as pre-eminent powers during this conflict led directly to the Peloponnesian War, which saw further development of the nature of warfare, strategy and tactics. Fought between leagues of cities dominated by Athens and Sparta, the increased manpower and financial resources increased the scale, and allowed the diversification of warfare. Set-piece battles during the Peloponnesian war proved indecisive and instead there was increased reliance on attritionary strategies, naval battle and blockades and sieges. These changes greatly increased the number of casualties and the disruption of Greek society.Following the eventual defeat of the Athenians in 404 BC, and the disbandment of the Athenian-dominated Delian League, Ancient Greece fell under the hegemony of Sparta. However, it was soon apparent that the hegemony was unstable, and the Persian Empire sponsored a rebellion by the combined powers of Athens, Thebes, Corinth and Argos, resulting in the Corinthian War (395-387 BC). After largely inconclusive campaigning, the war was decided when the Persians switched to supporting the Spartans, in return for the cities of Ionia and Spartan non-interference in Asia Minor. This brought the rebels to terms, and restored the Spartan hegemony on a more stable footing. The Spartan hegemony would last another 16 years, until, at the Battle of Leuctra (371) the Spartans were decisively defeated by the Theban general Epaminondas.In the aftermath of this, the Thebans acted with alacrity to establish a hegemony of their own over Greece. However, Thebes lacked sufficient manpower and resources, and became overstretched in attempting to impose itself on the rest of Greece. Following the death of Epaminondas and loss of manpower at the Battle of Mantinea, the Theban hegemony ceased. Indeed, the losses in the ten years of the Theban hegemony left all the Greek city-states weakened and divided. As such, the city-states of southern Greece would shortly afterwards be powerless to resist the rise of the Macedonian kingdom in the north. With revolutionary tactics, King Phillip II brought most of Greece under his sway, paving the way for the conquest of ""the known world"" by his son Alexander the Great. The rise of the Macedonian Kingdom is generally taken to signal the end of the Greek Classical period, and certainly marked the end of the distinctive hoplite battle in Ancient Greece.