Xenia in Classical Economies
... to follow North’s New Institutional Economics’ injunction to study both structure and performance through time,3 it neglects one crucial determinant that North himself mentions explicitly in his seminal Structure and Change in Economic History, i.e. the role of social institutions. North views the ...
... to follow North’s New Institutional Economics’ injunction to study both structure and performance through time,3 it neglects one crucial determinant that North himself mentions explicitly in his seminal Structure and Change in Economic History, i.e. the role of social institutions. North views the ...
The Project Gutenberg EBook of A General History for Colleges and
... those of the languages of the Caucasian peoples. THE WHITE RACE AND ITS THREE FAMILIES.--The White Race embraces the historic nations. This type divides into three families,--the Hamitic, the Semitic, and the Aryan, or Indo-European (formerly called the Japhetic). The ancient Egyptians were the chie ...
... those of the languages of the Caucasian peoples. THE WHITE RACE AND ITS THREE FAMILIES.--The White Race embraces the historic nations. This type divides into three families,--the Hamitic, the Semitic, and the Aryan, or Indo-European (formerly called the Japhetic). The ancient Egyptians were the chie ...
Conflict and Reconciliation: Dynamics of the Athenian Mass and
... and pressure on the Athenians to find finances for their new fleet was a growing concern. 19 The people of Athens, while devastated by their loss of the expedition, nevertheless resolved to continue with the war and drew up new plans in order to consolidate their position. As Thucydides tells us, th ...
... and pressure on the Athenians to find finances for their new fleet was a growing concern. 19 The people of Athens, while devastated by their loss of the expedition, nevertheless resolved to continue with the war and drew up new plans in order to consolidate their position. As Thucydides tells us, th ...
the classical agora
... Two boundary stones, which read ‘I am the boundary of the Agora’, were discovered in 1938. While they cannot be dated with confidence, John Camp suggests that ‘in the years around 500 BC the Agora was formally defined by means of boundary stones’.7 Shear also suggests these two pillars, ‘signposts t ...
... Two boundary stones, which read ‘I am the boundary of the Agora’, were discovered in 1938. While they cannot be dated with confidence, John Camp suggests that ‘in the years around 500 BC the Agora was formally defined by means of boundary stones’.7 Shear also suggests these two pillars, ‘signposts t ...
ENGLISH FOR PHILOSOPHY STUDENTS (ANCIENT GREEK
... ity. For he believed that a moral sense has been implanted in every one of us: but that this innate tendency in the right direction needs to be developed and streng‐ thened by education. And the form of morality to which he was referring included the laws and cus‐ toms of a city‐state: it is the d ...
... ity. For he believed that a moral sense has been implanted in every one of us: but that this innate tendency in the right direction needs to be developed and streng‐ thened by education. And the form of morality to which he was referring included the laws and cus‐ toms of a city‐state: it is the d ...
Socrates δημοτικός: Xenophon`s Socrates and the Athenian Elites
... (Oik. 4.2). Additionally, Socrates, claims that rulers (ἄρχοντες) are only those who know how to rule (τοὺς ἐπισταμένους ἄρχειν) (Mem. 3.9.10), which Vlastos (1994:106) takes as an attack on the sovereignty of the Athenian magistrates and jurors selected by lot. Yet Xenophon refers to Socrates expli ...
... (Oik. 4.2). Additionally, Socrates, claims that rulers (ἄρχοντες) are only those who know how to rule (τοὺς ἐπισταμένους ἄρχειν) (Mem. 3.9.10), which Vlastos (1994:106) takes as an attack on the sovereignty of the Athenian magistrates and jurors selected by lot. Yet Xenophon refers to Socrates expli ...
M. Lang, Thucydidean Narrative and Discourse
... Contemporary and future scholars will gain from studying her work but only if the study is critical and not slavish. One of Lang’s great strengths was her insistence on looking at the text itself, trying to make sense of ‘oddities’, as she called them. Her impressive command of the Greek language en ...
... Contemporary and future scholars will gain from studying her work but only if the study is critical and not slavish. One of Lang’s great strengths was her insistence on looking at the text itself, trying to make sense of ‘oddities’, as she called them. Her impressive command of the Greek language en ...
Pericles Of Athens
... pericles of athens and the dangers of democracy : engraving of a bust of pericles from the frontispiece of the parliamentary report on the elgin marbles, 1816. PERICLES - SIMPLE ENGLISH WIKIPEDIA, THE FREE ENCYCLOPEDIA Thu, 13 Apr 2017 08:43:00 GMT pericles or perikles (ca. 495 ... this was a chief ...
... pericles of athens and the dangers of democracy : engraving of a bust of pericles from the frontispiece of the parliamentary report on the elgin marbles, 1816. PERICLES - SIMPLE ENGLISH WIKIPEDIA, THE FREE ENCYCLOPEDIA Thu, 13 Apr 2017 08:43:00 GMT pericles or perikles (ca. 495 ... this was a chief ...
maggio - diegomanetti
... simultaneously claim "it is cold." This statement could also be true for her. If Ms. X normally lives in Alaska and Ms. Y in Florida, the same temperature (e. g. 25 Celsius) may seem hot to one and cool to the other. The measure of hotness or coldness is fairly obviously the individual person. One c ...
... simultaneously claim "it is cold." This statement could also be true for her. If Ms. X normally lives in Alaska and Ms. Y in Florida, the same temperature (e. g. 25 Celsius) may seem hot to one and cool to the other. The measure of hotness or coldness is fairly obviously the individual person. One c ...
1 LT338 NOTES ON ARISTOPHANES`S CLOUDS AND FROGS
... ARETE : Most Sophists claimed to teach arete (excellence) in the management of one's own affairs and especially in the administration of the affairs of the city. Up to the fifth century B.C. it was the common belief that arete was inborn and that aristocratic birth alone qualified a person for polit ...
... ARETE : Most Sophists claimed to teach arete (excellence) in the management of one's own affairs and especially in the administration of the affairs of the city. Up to the fifth century B.C. it was the common belief that arete was inborn and that aristocratic birth alone qualified a person for polit ...
History 421 Chapter 4 Notes
... The Polis: Center of Greek Life (cont.) Why did the phalanx make the hoplites such a powerful fighting force? Fighting shoulder to shoulder meant that the hoplites’ shields formed a wall of protection. They could thrust out from the wall with their spears to keep the enemy at bay or to kill the ene ...
... The Polis: Center of Greek Life (cont.) Why did the phalanx make the hoplites such a powerful fighting force? Fighting shoulder to shoulder meant that the hoplites’ shields formed a wall of protection. They could thrust out from the wall with their spears to keep the enemy at bay or to kill the ene ...
introduction
... revolution as the result of a spontaneous mass uprising. 7 But these are rare examples of scholarly interest in the crowd and crowd activities. How is it possible to explain such a lack of scholarly interest? In my view, there are two reasons. First, this phenomenon was considered less important in ...
... revolution as the result of a spontaneous mass uprising. 7 But these are rare examples of scholarly interest in the crowd and crowd activities. How is it possible to explain such a lack of scholarly interest? In my view, there are two reasons. First, this phenomenon was considered less important in ...
tyrannicides, symposium and history
... in concealing a copy for later dissemination. 3 The scope of the Athenian tyrannicide measure might seem rather different from this, at least in its application to the sympotic singing of skolia. The audience for such songs was, after all, potentially more circumscribed: while Athenaeus documents a ...
... in concealing a copy for later dissemination. 3 The scope of the Athenian tyrannicide measure might seem rather different from this, at least in its application to the sympotic singing of skolia. The audience for such songs was, after all, potentially more circumscribed: while Athenaeus documents a ...
Plutarch`s Themistocles
... skilful conduct of the general, Miltiades, being everywhere talked about, he was observed to be thoughtful and reserved, alone by himself; he passed the nights without sleep, and avoided all his usual places of recreation, and to those who wondered at the change, and inquired the reason of it, he ga ...
... skilful conduct of the general, Miltiades, being everywhere talked about, he was observed to be thoughtful and reserved, alone by himself; he passed the nights without sleep, and avoided all his usual places of recreation, and to those who wondered at the change, and inquired the reason of it, he ga ...
A Note On The Charges Against Socrates: Corrupting The Youth
... able to give (the bloom of his beauty), not something equivalent in value to what he had received from his mentor. No one was counted a loser in this unequal exchange, in this non-reciprocal relationship. So why does Socrates refuse Alcibiades’s sexual advances? The passage in the Symposium [219A] i ...
... able to give (the bloom of his beauty), not something equivalent in value to what he had received from his mentor. No one was counted a loser in this unequal exchange, in this non-reciprocal relationship. So why does Socrates refuse Alcibiades’s sexual advances? The passage in the Symposium [219A] i ...
Trial of Socrates
... Athenians. After the war, Sparta put the Thirty Tyrants in charge of Athens. This was an oligarchy of thirty people that limited many of the rights and freedoms of the Athenian people. Athenians eventually overthrew the Thirty Tyrants and took back their city in 403 BC and democracy was restored. Bu ...
... Athenians. After the war, Sparta put the Thirty Tyrants in charge of Athens. This was an oligarchy of thirty people that limited many of the rights and freedoms of the Athenian people. Athenians eventually overthrew the Thirty Tyrants and took back their city in 403 BC and democracy was restored. Bu ...
Oedipus Rex Handout Plot Synopsis
... Oedipus sends for Tiresias, the blind prophet, and asks him what he knows about the murder. Although at first he refuses to tell Oedipus what he knows, he finally reveals that Oedipus is the murderer. Oedipus naturally refuses to believe Tiresias’s accusation and accuses Creon and him of conspiring ...
... Oedipus sends for Tiresias, the blind prophet, and asks him what he knows about the murder. Although at first he refuses to tell Oedipus what he knows, he finally reveals that Oedipus is the murderer. Oedipus naturally refuses to believe Tiresias’s accusation and accuses Creon and him of conspiring ...
this PDF file
... it is impossible to discern just what the basis of their competition was, in which the Philaidai supposedly could have "crushed" the Ikarieis, as the old cults were independent of Kleisthenes' new system. Another example can be drawn from Lewis' handling of the Eteoboutadai. It is assumed that the l ...
... it is impossible to discern just what the basis of their competition was, in which the Philaidai supposedly could have "crushed" the Ikarieis, as the old cults were independent of Kleisthenes' new system. Another example can be drawn from Lewis' handling of the Eteoboutadai. It is assumed that the l ...
Finding the Truth: An Examination into the Use of Rhetoric in
... speech was composed of an introduction, narration, proofs, and finally a conclusion. The introduction was used to gain the trust of the audience while the narration was used to set out the facts of the case. Proofs helped support the facts that were previously set out by the speaker in order to supp ...
... speech was composed of an introduction, narration, proofs, and finally a conclusion. The introduction was used to gain the trust of the audience while the narration was used to set out the facts of the case. Proofs helped support the facts that were previously set out by the speaker in order to supp ...
The Politics of Pity in Athenian Civic Ideology and Aristotle`s Poetics
... corollary - democratic racialism) not only rendered the Athenians closer to the gods, but it also endowed them with extraordinary political and ethical capacities. The link between autochthony and democratic equality is by now well known. However, the myth is also connected to ideas about justice. T ...
... corollary - democratic racialism) not only rendered the Athenians closer to the gods, but it also endowed them with extraordinary political and ethical capacities. The link between autochthony and democratic equality is by now well known. However, the myth is also connected to ideas about justice. T ...
2.3 Mo
... Pheidias is known to have been closely connected with Pericles, as his friend and also as his adviser. When Pericles rose to power in 449 B.C. he set out to beautify Athens once more after the victory over Persia. Pheidias was placed in charge of artistic activities as the superintendent of public ...
... Pheidias is known to have been closely connected with Pericles, as his friend and also as his adviser. When Pericles rose to power in 449 B.C. he set out to beautify Athens once more after the victory over Persia. Pheidias was placed in charge of artistic activities as the superintendent of public ...
The Great, The Bold And The Brave
... The three types of learning include knowledge, skills and understanding. We believe that differentiating between knowledge, skills and understanding is crucial to the development of children’s learning. We also believe that knowledge, skills and understanding have their own distinct characteristics ...
... The three types of learning include knowledge, skills and understanding. We believe that differentiating between knowledge, skills and understanding is crucial to the development of children’s learning. We also believe that knowledge, skills and understanding have their own distinct characteristics ...
Pericles Structured Essay
... fifth century BC, greatly admired Pericles’ leadership, believing that Athens ‘was at its greatest under him’. He believed that he ‘could respect the liberty of the people, and at the same time, hold them in check. It was he who led them, rather than they who led him, and since he never sought power ...
... fifth century BC, greatly admired Pericles’ leadership, believing that Athens ‘was at its greatest under him’. He believed that he ‘could respect the liberty of the people, and at the same time, hold them in check. It was he who led them, rather than they who led him, and since he never sought power ...
Ancient Greek warfare
The Greek 'Dark Age' drew to a close as a significant increase in population allowed urbanized culture to be restored, and the rise of the city-states (Poleis). These developments ushered in the Archaic period (800-480 BC). They also restored the capability of organized warfare between these Poleis (as opposed to small-scale raids to acquire livestock and grain, for example). The fractious nature of Ancient Greek society seems to have made continuous conflict on this larger scale inevitable.Concomitant with the rise of the city-state was the evolution of a new way of warfare - the hoplite phalanx. When exactly the phalanx developed is uncertain, but it is thought to have been developed by the Spartans. The chigi vase, dated to around 650 BC, is the earliest depiction of a hoplite in full battle array. The hoplite was a well-armed and armored citizen-soldier primarily drawn from the middle classes. Every man had to serve at least two years in the army. Fighting in the tight phalanx formation maximised the effectiveness of his armor, large shield and long spear, presenting a wall of armor and spearpoints to the enemy. They were a force to be reckoned with.With this evolution in warfare, battles seem to have consisted mostly of the clash of hoplite phalanxes from the city-states in conflict. Since the soldiers were citizens with other occupations, warfare was limited in distance, season and scale. Neither side could afford heavy casualties or sustained campaigns, so conflicts seem to have been resolved by a single set-piece battle.The scale and scope of warfare in Ancient Greece changed dramatically as a result of the Greco-Persian Wars. To fight the enormous armies of the Achaemenid Empire was effectively beyond the capabilities of a single city-state. The eventual triumph of the Greeks was achieved by alliances of many city-states (the exact composition changing over time), allowing the pooling of resources and division of labour. Although alliances between city states occurred before this time, nothing on this scale had been seen before. The rise of Athens and Sparta as pre-eminent powers during this conflict led directly to the Peloponnesian War, which saw further development of the nature of warfare, strategy and tactics. Fought between leagues of cities dominated by Athens and Sparta, the increased manpower and financial resources increased the scale, and allowed the diversification of warfare. Set-piece battles during the Peloponnesian war proved indecisive and instead there was increased reliance on attritionary strategies, naval battle and blockades and sieges. These changes greatly increased the number of casualties and the disruption of Greek society.Following the eventual defeat of the Athenians in 404 BC, and the disbandment of the Athenian-dominated Delian League, Ancient Greece fell under the hegemony of Sparta. However, it was soon apparent that the hegemony was unstable, and the Persian Empire sponsored a rebellion by the combined powers of Athens, Thebes, Corinth and Argos, resulting in the Corinthian War (395-387 BC). After largely inconclusive campaigning, the war was decided when the Persians switched to supporting the Spartans, in return for the cities of Ionia and Spartan non-interference in Asia Minor. This brought the rebels to terms, and restored the Spartan hegemony on a more stable footing. The Spartan hegemony would last another 16 years, until, at the Battle of Leuctra (371) the Spartans were decisively defeated by the Theban general Epaminondas.In the aftermath of this, the Thebans acted with alacrity to establish a hegemony of their own over Greece. However, Thebes lacked sufficient manpower and resources, and became overstretched in attempting to impose itself on the rest of Greece. Following the death of Epaminondas and loss of manpower at the Battle of Mantinea, the Theban hegemony ceased. Indeed, the losses in the ten years of the Theban hegemony left all the Greek city-states weakened and divided. As such, the city-states of southern Greece would shortly afterwards be powerless to resist the rise of the Macedonian kingdom in the north. With revolutionary tactics, King Phillip II brought most of Greece under his sway, paving the way for the conquest of ""the known world"" by his son Alexander the Great. The rise of the Macedonian Kingdom is generally taken to signal the end of the Greek Classical period, and certainly marked the end of the distinctive hoplite battle in Ancient Greece.