Download Vocabulary Review

Vocabulary Review
Section 1: Layers of the Earthasthenosphere
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Word Bank: mantle, inner core, crust, outer core, density, lithosphere,
the Earth’s uppermost / outermost layer
large sections of Earth’s crust and upper mantle
the largest, thickest layer inside the Earth, below the crust
the plastic-like layer of the Earth below the lithosphere; the top of the mantle
the liquid layer surrounding the inner core, below the mantle
the solid center layer of Earth
a physical property of a substance that compares the mass of the material present to the volume that
material occupies
Section 2: Rocks and Mineralsfuels
Word Bank: ores, chemical sedimentary rock, minerals, rock cycle, fossil
8. rocks formed from minerals precipitated from a solution or left behind by evaporation
9. the ongoing processes that form and change rock from one kind to another
10. natural, solid materials found on Earth that are the building blocks of rock; different minerals have
different physical and chemical properties that determine their use and value
11. minerals that are mined because they contain useful metals or nonmetals
12. natural fuels that come from the remains of living things; they give off energy when they are burned
Section 5: Plate Tectonics:
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Word Bank: Pangaea, divergent boundary, convergent boundary, transform
boundary, subduction, convection currents, plate tectonics
the theory that Earth’s crust and upper mantle exist in sections that move called lithospheric plates
the heating, rising, cooling, and sinking of matter; the movement of material is caused by uneven
heating
boundary between plates that are moving apart
boundary between plates that are colliding
the area where one lithospheric plate slides under another at convergent plate boundaries; some
crust is destroyed
boundary between plates that are sliding past each other
at one time in geologic history the continents were joined together in one large landmass called by
this name
Section 8: Earthquakes and Volcanoes:
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Word Bank: magma, lava, seismic waves, volcano, earthquake,
volcanic eruption, vent
a mountain built of cooled lava, volcanic ash, cinders, and rock
are constructive Earth processes in that they add new rock to existing land; explosive eruptions can
also be destructive
liquid rock from the mantle that rises to Earth’s surface
liquid rock, magma, that flows out onto Earth’s surface
the opening in a volcano where magma flows out
a sudden movement of Earth’s crust usually along cracks in the crust known as faults
energy waves, caused by an earthquake, that spread out in all directions from the epicenter; one type
causes the movement of crust material when it reaches the surface
Section 9: Earthquakes and Volcanoes:
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Word Bank: shearing, normal fault, strike-slip fault, compression,
fault-block mountain, tension, reverse fault
forces that pull rocks apart
forces that push on rocks from either side of faults causing them to push
a force that pushes on rocks from opposite directions
a break in the rock caused by tension forces
a break in the rock caused by compression forces
a break in the rock caused by shearing forces
forms if normal faults uplift a section of rock
Section 10: Rocks and Minerals: Word Bank: igneous rock, topographic map. sedimentary rock, extrusive
rock, intrusive rock, metamorphic rock, aerial photography
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rock formed by the cooling and hardening of molten material
rocks formed below Earth’s surface from magma cooling slowly
rock formed on the Earth’s surface from lava that cools rapidly
rocks formed from changing existing rocks due to heat and pressure
rocks formed from the compaction or cementation of sediments
Section 15: MotionAverage speed
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occurs when there is a change in position compared to a fixed object at a reference point
the actual location of an object
the position of a stationary object that allows for measurement of distance of a moving object
the line or path along which something is moving, pointing, or aiming
the rate of change of the position of an object; the amount of distance covered in a given period of
time
the total distance traveled divided by total time of travel
A representation of how both speed and distance change with time; the slope of the graph can be
used to describe the
speed of an object
Section 16: Motion-
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Word Bank: Direction, Position, Time-distance graph, Reference point, Speed, Motion,
Word Bank: Balanced forces, Vectors, Force, Unbalanced force, Magnitude, Inertia,
Gravitational force, Friction
a push or pull
a force that always attracts without direct contact; an attraction between any two objects that have
mass
a force between surfaces that are touching that opposes motion of an object or surface past another
forces that are equal in strength and opposite in direction
a force that is not opposed equally by another force on the same object
directional symbols used to express the magnitude and direction of balanced and unbalanced forces
the strength of a force; is represented by the length of the arrow in a vector arrow
the tendency of an object to remain at rest or to keep moving in a straight line until a force acts on it
Section 11: Earthquakes and Volcanoes- Word Bank: focus, epicenter
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the point on Earth’s surface directly above the origin of an earthquake
the point where earthquake energy is released