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Download Quick Trip Through Roman History!
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Roman History (A Quick Trip!) 2013 The Beginning • Roman mythology says Aeneas, a warrior from Troy, escaped after the Trojan war and sailed to Italy. • Aeneas’ descendants included Romulus and Remus, the twin brothers who founded Rome Roman History is divided into 3 parts… • The Monarchy (753 BC-509 BC) – Ruled by kings – Tradition says there were 7 kings of Rome: • Romulus ---founder of Rome, raised with brother Remus by a she-wolf, killed Remus • Numa Pompilius • Tullus Hostilius • Ancus Marcius • Tarquinius Priscus • Servius Tullus • Tarquinius Superbus Part 2: The Republic • In 509 BC, King Tarquinius Superbus was overthrown. One of the rebels was named Brutus. The Roman Republic was born. – 509 BC-27 BC – Ruled by elected officials and the Senate – Consuls were the highest official--2 per year Republic Heroes: Horatius (500 BC) • Legend says that a man named Horatius Cocles single-handedly defended a bridge across the Tiber River when Rome was under attack! Republic Heroes: Cincinnatus (458 BC) • Cincinnatus was a farmer who was called to serve as dictator during an early Roman war. • He remained dictator only for 16 days, until the war was over---then resigned the dictatorship to go back to farming. • He was a role model of civic duty! Republic Enemies: Hannibal • Hannibal was a famous Carthaginian general who fought against Rome in the 2nd Punic War (218-201 BC) • He is best remembered for leading his troops from north Africa, across Spain, and over the Alps into Italy • He also used war elephants! Republic Heroes: Julius Caesar (100-44 BC) • Julius Caesar was the most famous Roman of all time • He served as general, consul, and dictator of Rome • Military fame for conquering Gaul (France) • Assassinated on the Ides of March, 44 BC Cleopatra: Friend or Enemy? • Cleopatra: the last pharoah of Egypt • She had a relationship with Julius Caesar…and a son, Caesarion • After Caesar’s death she had a relationship with Mark Antony, Caesar’s friend… 3 children (boy/girl twins + 1 boy) • She and Antony opposed Octavian’s claim as Caesar’s heir Part 3: The Empire • After a period of about 100 years of civil war, the Republic collapsed and Octavian became emperor in 27 BC. – 1st Emperor: Octavian, aka Augustus – Long list of Roman emperors! – Nero: “fiddled while Rome burned” – Constantine: 1st Christian emperor Matching Terms • Senators • Toga • Highest class of citizens (aka patricians) • Less status than senators • Men’s formal wear • Curia • Senate house • SPQR • Senate and people of Rome • Equestrians Matching Terms • slaves • forum • Some downtrodden, some not • Market square • clipped beard • Fashionable, A.D. 130 • fibula • Brooch, fastens cloaks • gladiator • Could win freedom in the arena Matching Terms • rings • lictors • Worn by men and women • An ax in a bundle of rods • Official escorts • procurator • Below governor • Provincial governor • Senator, commands army • fasces