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Latin I Grammar Notes 11-29-2016 NOUNS We’ve already seen that subjects are in nominative case and direct objects are in accusative case. Last week we learned the endings for accusative plural nouns. o 1st declension: -ās o 2nd declension: -ōs o 3rd declension – ēs This week we’re working on the ablative case. o 1st declension: -ā, -īs o 2nd declension: -ō, -īs o 3rd declension: -e, -ibus As of today, we know four of the ten forms of a given noun (nominative S and P; accusative S & P). Generating these forms on a t-chart is called declining a noun. VERBS The second principal part of the verb is the infinitive. Infinitives in English are the preposition to and the verb itself (i.e., to run, to swim, to ride) The infinitive tells you which conjugation a verb belongs to: o 1st = -āre o 2nd = ēre o 3rd = -ere (the 1st principal part will end in –ō) o 3rd-io = -ere (the 1st principal part will end in –iō) o 4th = -īre Very often the infinitive is used with verbs like potest (is able), vult (wants), parat (prepares), timet (is afraid), etc. This construction is called a complementary infinitive because it completes the ide started by the main verb. o Currere vult. He wants to run. o Cadere timent. They are afraid to fall. Prepositions Prepositions (both in English and Latin) take an object, i.e., a noun that follows the prepositions. o over the river o through the woods o to grandmother’s house In Latin these objects are either accusative or ablative case.