Download LATIN I MIDTERM STUDY GUIDE

LATIN II MIDTERM STUDY GUIDE – revised 07/16/09
NOUNS
Fill in the following chart for 1st, 2nd, and 3rd declension nouns.
1st Sing.
a
ae
ae
am
ā
a
Case
Nom.
Gen.
Dat.
Acc.
Abl.
Voc.
1st Pl.
ae
ārum
īs
ās
īs
ae
2nd Sing.
us/er
ī
ō
um
ō
see rules
2nd Pl.
ī
ōrum
īs
ōs
īs
ī
3rd Sing.
xxx
is
ī
em
e
xxx
3rd Pl.
ēs
um
ibus
ēs
ibus
ēs
What is the function of each of the following cases in a Latin sentence?
Nominative – subject;predicate adjective/nominative
Genitive – possession
Dative – indirect object; with special/certain verbs
Accusative (2) – direct object, place to which, certain prepositions
Ablative Ablative case: SID SPACE –
sine
in
de
sub
pro
a/ab
cum
e/ex
Vocative – direct address
VERBS
The pluperfect active tense is formed by adding the imperfect of to be and the personal
endings to the perfect stem. The pluperfect active is translated with the English helping
verb had.
Fill in the principal parts of the verb volō, velle, voluī (to want).
In the space below, conjugate volō in the present tense.
Person
Singular
Plural
see your book: pages 206-7
Fill in the principal parts of the verb nōlō, _____________, ______________ (to not
want).
In the space below, conjugate nōlō in the present tense.
Person
1st
Singular
Plural
2nd
3rd
Fill in the principal parts of the verb possum, _____________, ______________ (to be
able).
In the space below, conjugate possum in the present tense.
Person
Singular
Plural
1st
2nd
3rd
These irregular verbs are usually followed by a complementary infinitive.
The present active infinitive is the second principal part of a verb.
The second principal part of a verb tells us its conjugation.
The regular imperative is formed in the singular by dropping the re from
the second principal part and in the plural by adding a te to the resulting stem. But in the
3rd and 3rdio, the vowel changes in the plural (making it ite).
Fill in the personal pronouns and adjectives below.
1st singular
Pronoun
adjective
ego (which declines)
meus a um
2nd singular
tu (which declines)
tuus a um
1st plural
nos (which declines)
noster nostra nostrum
2nd plural
vos (which declines)
NB – is,ea,id can be a pronoun too!
vester vestra vestrum
ipse, ipsa, ipsum is the intensive pronoun and is translated himself, herself, itself
respectively.
Relative pronouns introduce relative clauses. Relative pronouns agree
with their antecedents in number and gender but not case. The case of a relative
pronoun is determined by its use in its own clause.
In the chart below, decline quī, quae, quod
See page 199 in your book
PREPOSITIONS
Give the meaning of the following prepositions.
per: through
apud: at the house of, among
prope: near
trans: across
All of the above prepositions are followed by nouns or pronouns in the accusative case.
Preposition practice:
Translate into Latin –
About the lion: dē leōne
Across the forum: trāns forum
Around the palace: circum aulam
In the city: in marī (N.B.: marī is “i-stem” in the ablative sing.)
Into the sea: in mare
Out of the house: ē vīllā
Through the house: per vīllam
To the arena: ad arēnam
Without the soldiers: sine mīlitibus
ADJECTIVES
Adjectives must agree with their nouns in number, gender and case.
A 1st /2nd declension adjective such as magnus,-a,-um and miser, misera, miserum will
have 1st declension endings on the feminine and 2nd declension on the masculine.
Decline “the happy poet” – careful! Why did I ask you to decline poet?
nom laetus poēta
gen
laetī poētae
dat
laetō poētae
( “poēta” is MASCULINE!!!!! )
acc
laetum poētam
abl
laetō poētā
nom laetī poētae
gen
laetōrum poētārum
dat
laetīs poētīs
acc
laetōs poētās
abl
laetīs poētīs
QUESTION WORDS
What answer is expected by each of the following question words? What is the
translation ‘formula’ for each?
-ne: just indicates a question
nōnne: expects a yes answer
num: expects a no answer
Translate
nōnne multī virī dōnum deō dederant?
Many men had given a gift to the god, didn’t they?
Surely many men had given a gift to the god?
num Rufilla ipsa pecūniam tibi dēbēt? note the verb correction
Rufilla herself doesn’t owe you money, does she?
Surely Rufilla herself doesn’t owe you money?
AND, AND, AND…
What is another way to write the underlined (do not simply switch word order!):
Daedalus et Icarus nōn vīxērunt laetē.
Daedalus Icarusque nōn vīxērunt laetē.
Those short little words that are so hard to remember:
deinde
igitur
ita vērō
look them up
itaque
item
tamen
tandem
tum
Random warnings:
Pōnō and possum have forms that look similar. Know the principals parts for both of
the verbs and practice conjugating them in the various tenses.
principal parts:
you have been given the conjugations. check your notes
pōnō
possum
pōnere
posse
posuī
potuī
positus
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CULTURE TOPICS:
reread the cultural sections in the book
STUDY VOCAB. at the end of each Stage!!!!!