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LATIN II MIDTERM STUDY GUIDE – revised 07/16/09 NOUNS Fill in the following chart for 1st, 2nd, and 3rd declension nouns. 1st Sing. a ae ae am ā a Case Nom. Gen. Dat. Acc. Abl. Voc. 1st Pl. ae ārum īs ās īs ae 2nd Sing. us/er ī ō um ō see rules 2nd Pl. ī ōrum īs ōs īs ī 3rd Sing. xxx is ī em e xxx 3rd Pl. ēs um ibus ēs ibus ēs What is the function of each of the following cases in a Latin sentence? Nominative – subject;predicate adjective/nominative Genitive – possession Dative – indirect object; with special/certain verbs Accusative (2) – direct object, place to which, certain prepositions Ablative Ablative case: SID SPACE – sine in de sub pro a/ab cum e/ex Vocative – direct address VERBS The pluperfect active tense is formed by adding the imperfect of to be and the personal endings to the perfect stem. The pluperfect active is translated with the English helping verb had. Fill in the principal parts of the verb volō, velle, voluī (to want). In the space below, conjugate volō in the present tense. Person Singular Plural see your book: pages 206-7 Fill in the principal parts of the verb nōlō, _____________, ______________ (to not want). In the space below, conjugate nōlō in the present tense. Person 1st Singular Plural 2nd 3rd Fill in the principal parts of the verb possum, _____________, ______________ (to be able). In the space below, conjugate possum in the present tense. Person Singular Plural 1st 2nd 3rd These irregular verbs are usually followed by a complementary infinitive. The present active infinitive is the second principal part of a verb. The second principal part of a verb tells us its conjugation. The regular imperative is formed in the singular by dropping the re from the second principal part and in the plural by adding a te to the resulting stem. But in the 3rd and 3rdio, the vowel changes in the plural (making it ite). Fill in the personal pronouns and adjectives below. 1st singular Pronoun adjective ego (which declines) meus a um 2nd singular tu (which declines) tuus a um 1st plural nos (which declines) noster nostra nostrum 2nd plural vos (which declines) NB – is,ea,id can be a pronoun too! vester vestra vestrum ipse, ipsa, ipsum is the intensive pronoun and is translated himself, herself, itself respectively. Relative pronouns introduce relative clauses. Relative pronouns agree with their antecedents in number and gender but not case. The case of a relative pronoun is determined by its use in its own clause. In the chart below, decline quī, quae, quod See page 199 in your book PREPOSITIONS Give the meaning of the following prepositions. per: through apud: at the house of, among prope: near trans: across All of the above prepositions are followed by nouns or pronouns in the accusative case. Preposition practice: Translate into Latin – About the lion: dē leōne Across the forum: trāns forum Around the palace: circum aulam In the city: in marī (N.B.: marī is “i-stem” in the ablative sing.) Into the sea: in mare Out of the house: ē vīllā Through the house: per vīllam To the arena: ad arēnam Without the soldiers: sine mīlitibus ADJECTIVES Adjectives must agree with their nouns in number, gender and case. A 1st /2nd declension adjective such as magnus,-a,-um and miser, misera, miserum will have 1st declension endings on the feminine and 2nd declension on the masculine. Decline “the happy poet” – careful! Why did I ask you to decline poet? nom laetus poēta gen laetī poētae dat laetō poētae ( “poēta” is MASCULINE!!!!! ) acc laetum poētam abl laetō poētā nom laetī poētae gen laetōrum poētārum dat laetīs poētīs acc laetōs poētās abl laetīs poētīs QUESTION WORDS What answer is expected by each of the following question words? What is the translation ‘formula’ for each? -ne: just indicates a question nōnne: expects a yes answer num: expects a no answer Translate nōnne multī virī dōnum deō dederant? Many men had given a gift to the god, didn’t they? Surely many men had given a gift to the god? num Rufilla ipsa pecūniam tibi dēbēt? note the verb correction Rufilla herself doesn’t owe you money, does she? Surely Rufilla herself doesn’t owe you money? AND, AND, AND… What is another way to write the underlined (do not simply switch word order!): Daedalus et Icarus nōn vīxērunt laetē. Daedalus Icarusque nōn vīxērunt laetē. Those short little words that are so hard to remember: deinde igitur ita vērō look them up itaque item tamen tandem tum Random warnings: Pōnō and possum have forms that look similar. Know the principals parts for both of the verbs and practice conjugating them in the various tenses. principal parts: you have been given the conjugations. check your notes pōnō possum pōnere posse posuī potuī positus --- CULTURE TOPICS: reread the cultural sections in the book STUDY VOCAB. at the end of each Stage!!!!!