Download Industrial Applications of Enzymes

Industrial Applications of
Enzymes
Sector
Detergents
Role of Enzymes
Household washing and cleaning agents.
Enzyme hydrolyze molecules, which breaks
aparts stains.
Example Enzymes
● Protease (protein based
stains like grass and blood)
● Amylase (starcy stains like
tomato sauce)
● Mannanase (breaks apart a
thickening agent called
guar)
Sector
Textiles
Role of Enzymes
Denim washing, silk polishing, softening of
leather
Example Enzymes
● Cellulase - softens fibers in
plant based fabrics
● Proteases - softens proteins
in leather
Sector
Food Processing
Role of Enzymes
Enzymes are used in baking, brewing and fruit
juice processing
Example Enzymes
● Amylase: converts starch
into corn syrup
● Pectinase: breaks apart
pectin in fruit cell walls so
juice is easier to extract
● Lactase: breaks down
lactose in dairy products
Sector
Pulp and paper
Role of Enzymes
Example Enzymes
Whitens paper, removes stickiness, soften pulp
to form paper
● Xylanase - helps in paper
bleaching
● Cellulase - breaks down
cellulose in pulp to soften
paper
Immobilized Enzymes
Enzymes that have been
physically attached to a
surface
Benefits in industrial
applications:
Multiple or repetitive use of a
single batch of enzymes
The ability to stop the reaction
rapidly by removing the enzyme
from the reaction solution
Product is not contaminated with
the enzyme
Syllabus Statement
2.5.U5
Immobilized enzymes are widely used in industry.
List industries that use commercially useful enzymes – you must list
others than what is in the notes 
Explain how and why industrial enzymes are often immobilized.
Immobilized Enzymes are used in the
Production of Lactose Free Milk
These are beads that are
manufactured to have
lactase attached to their
surface
Reasons for using lactase in food processing:
Create lactose free milk for people who can’t digest lactose
Increase sweetness of milk (glucose and galactose are sweeter than lactose)
Reduce the formation of crystals in ice cream production, making a more
creamy texture (glucose and galactose are more soluble than lactose)
Shortens time required to make yogurt or cheese (bacteria can ferment glucose
and galactose more readily than lactose)
Syllabus Statement
2.5.A1
Methods of production of lactose-free milk and its
advantages.
State the source of the lactase enzyme used in food processing.
State the reaction catalyzed by lactase.
Chemogenomics and Computer Aided Drug Design
WHO: multiple research groups across the globe
WHAT: the testing of large numbers of chemicals to see their effect on enzymes
with the goal of identifying new pharmaceutical drugs. Research groups then add
the information to databases enabling people around the world to share
information
WHY: speeds up discovery of new pharmaceutical drugs
Chemogenomics and Computer Aided Drug Design
Lots of different
chemicals are randomly
tested to see if they
inhibit lots of different
enzymes
Potential drugs go through
clinical testing before being
put to market
EXAMPLE:
Use of databases to identify antimalarial drugs
Malaria is a disease that is
caused by a parasite called
Plasmodium.
EXAMPLE:
Use of databases to identify antimalarial drugs
Plasmodium is evolving resistance to our current drugs, so we need to develop new
ones to treat and/or prevent malaria.
EXAMPLE:
Use of databases to identify antimalarial drugs
310,000 chemicals were screened to see if
they have an effect of Plasmodium while NOT
having an effect on human cells.
19 chemicals were identified that inhibit
Plasmodium enzymes.
15 chemicals were identified that effect 61
different Plasmodium proteins.
EXAMPLE:
Use of databases to identify antimalarial drugs
Information about the chemicals that might work against malaria is put into a
databases.
CLICK HERE
Scientists around the globe can access the information and research further to
determine if the chemical has potential pharmaceutical use.