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Ethical Systems Table PHL/323 Version 4 Ethical Systems Table Directions: 1. Fill in brief definitions of each primary ethical theory. 2. Identify alternate names or variations of each ethical system based on your reading of the text and supplemental materials. Match the real-world examples listed below with the corresponding systems. The first one has been completed for you in the table. a. I believe people should be able to eat sand if they like the taste of it. b. I believe that if sand is going to be eaten, it should be available for everyone to eat. c. I believe people should be able to eat sand because it is the right thing to do. d. I believe people should be able to eat sand because it is good for one’s health. e. I believe people should be able to eat sand if they decide they want to, regardless of whether it is someone else’s sand. 1 Ethical Systems Table PHL/323 Version 4 2 f. I believe people should be able to eat sand if they want to because they are free to make the decision themselves. g. I believe I will eat sand because it is the standard meal for my community. 3. Develop your own workplace example that fits with each system. Present each workplace scenario in a substantial paragraph of approximately 40 words. Although the table field will expand to accommodate your workplace examples, you may list them at the end of the table; make a note in the table to see the attached examples, however, so your facilitator knows to look for scenarios below the table. 4. Ethical Theory or System Duty-based Ethics Format references according to APA standards and include them after the table. Brief Definition Deontological ethics, or deontology (from Greek: deon, for obligation or duty) holds that people should only, or mainly, make their decisions based on their individual duties and the rights of other people. Some systems come from Biblical or other sacred tenets. Some principles of morality are binding, regardless of consequences. This focuses on particular duty instead of results. Moral obligation is more important that what a person wants to do.(Treviño & Nelson, 2007, Ch. 4). Take the decision that is based on the possible consequences of this choice. Consequencebased Ethics Decisions are ethical when they provide the most benefit to a particular group and minimize potential harm Other Names for Theory Real-world Example Pluralism, C deontology, rights- I believe people should be based, moral rights, able to eat sand because it is the right thing to do. Workplace Example I have a duty to carry out my boss's instructions, even if I do not think they are the right thing to do. I have a moral obligation to show respect to authority figures. Golden Rule Categorical imperative Utilitarianism Teleological Altruism Consequentialism D. I believe people should be able to eat sand because it is good for one’s health. I should go to work because if I am absent I will be punished Ethical Systems Table PHL/323 Version 4 Concerned with people's legal rights as individuals. Ethical rights are usually conceived as positive and negative rights. Rights-based Ethics Rights-based ethics seek to prevent people from having their choices limited, guard access to socially acceptable freedoms. Concerned with basic nature of human existence Human Nature Ethics Human nature and ethics are part of the basic motivating factors for human beings B. Negative or Positive Contractarianism Natural or Conventional ethics Physical Hereditary Natural ethics People are born with a nature and inherent traits that motivate their choices If I work more than 40 hrs in a week, I have a legal right to get overtime payment from my employer I believe that if sand is going to be eaten, it should be available for everyone to eat. A. Darwinian ethics 3 I believe people should be able to eat sand if they like the taste of it. The summer temperature can climb to more than 100 degrees. My right to drink water is based on my body's essential need for hydration to stay healthy F. Morality and ethics are based on how people think Ethics depend on what society thinks of particular ideas, or acts Relativistic Ethics Ethical relativism Moral relativism I believe people should be able to eat sand if they want to because they are free to make the decision themselves. E. Entitlementbased Ethics I believe people should be able to eat sand if they decide they want to, regardless of whether it is I do not think that lying is a moral problem, so it is a useful idea for me to lie on my product report to make my performance appear better. Ethical Systems Table PHL/323 Version 4 someone else’s sand. Virtue-based ethics The virtue ethics approach focuses more on the integrity of the moral actor than on the moral act itself (Treviño & Nelson, 2007, Ch. 4). A virtue ethics perspective considers primarily the actor’s character, motivations, and intentions (Treviño & Nelson, 2007, Ch. 4). Aristotelian G. I believe I will eat sand because it is the standard meal for my community. Reference Treviño, L. K., & Nelson, K. A. (2007). Managing business ethics: Straight talk about how to do it right (4th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. 4