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The Crusades The Who, What, Where, When & Why Getting Started • What do you think of when you hear the word Crusades? – What events do you associate with them? – What were their causes? – Where did they happen? • The goal is to be able to answer these in detail 3 classes from now! The Geography of Europe in 1095 What were the Crusades? • Read the Handout Provided • Be able to tell me what the Crusades were! • The Crusades, a series of attempts to gain Christian control of the Holy Land, had a profound economic, political, and social impact on the societies involved. What were the causes? • Read page 62 to 64 • Provide at least one, preferably two causes of the Crusades. • Pope Urban II: – Tells the people that they are in danger of being taken over by the Byzantines – Calls all Christians to put aside their differences to fight against the Turks – Effectively calls men to arms under the slogan, “God Wills It!” The Pope’s Message • Read the section on page 63 • Tasks: – Paraphrase the section » Shorten it and put it in your own words – Was the Pope persuasive? Why was he able to get so many people to fight? The Participants • Why might so many people have taken part in the Crusades, not only knights and soldiers but also ordinary people and even children? The Crusades Continue The Lead In… • European Christians launched series of religious wars • Goal to take Jerusalem, Holy Land, away from Muslims • Jerusalem was the site of the Holy Temple of Jews, also where Jesus crucified, buried, was to come again • Vital to Christians to control city Jerusalem • Turkish Muslims took control of Persia, other lands, persecuted Christians visiting region • Turks attacked Byzantine Empire, destroyed army, 1071 • Emperor turned to Western Europe, Pope Urban II, for help The First Crusade • Crusaders in two groups, peasants and knights • The Peasants – Unskilled peasants answered Pope’s call » Eager to fight non-Christians in Holy Land » On the way attacked and slaughtered German Jews despite protests » Fell to Seljuk Turkish army at Jerusalem • The Knights – Better trained in warfare than peasants, but unprepared for hardship of journey – Traveled three years – Siege of Jerusalem victory for Crusaders, disaster for city The Next Seven Crusades • After constant battles, each side would win then lose • There was a mutual peace/respect in the 3rd Crusade, but then fighting restarted • Fighting continued for hundreds of years more The Atrocities of War • In war and battles there are many atrocities • Read page 64 and answer questions #1, 2, 3 The Effects of the Crusades • Social – Some Europeans respected other cultures, others intolerant – Many viewed non-Christians as enemies, persecuted Jews – Holy Land Jews saw Crusaders as cruel invaders – Relations strained for centuries The Effects of the Crusades • Political – Crusades led to deaths of many knights, nobles – Lands left vulnerable – Other ambitious nobles took control of unoccupied lands – Nobles then had more power, influence in Europe The Effects of the Crusades • Economic – Enhanced existing trade – Returning Crusaders brought more goods, spices, textiles, to Europe – Caused a change to European economic system/structure The Long-Term Effects and Consequences • Read page 65 and answer #4a and 4b