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ORIGIN OF LIFE AND ORGANIC EVOLUTION
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01 Swan necked flask experiment was carried out by
y 1.Louis Pasteur
1 Louis Pasteur
y 2.Robert Koch
y 3. Aristotle
y 4. Francisco Redi
4 Francisco Redi
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02 What is the difference between Spontaneous generation and Biogenesis?
1. Both support the theory that non‐living materials are the source for origin of living organisms.
g
g g
2. Spontaneous generation applies only to plants, while biogenesis applies to animals.
3. Spontaneous generation proposes that non‐living materials can produce life while biogenesis follows the idea that living things arise from pre‐existing life.
dea t at v g t
gs a se o p e e st g e.
4. Biogenesis proposes that non living materials can produce life, while spontaneous generation follows the id h li i hi
idea that living things arise from other living things.
i f
h li i hi
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COLUMN ‐I
COLUMN‐II
A. VAN HELMONT p
p. The theory of chemical y
evolution
B. LOUIS PASTEUR
q. The theory of abiogenesis
C. C HUGO DE VRIES
r The theory of cosmozoa
r. The theory of cosmozoa
D. OPARIN AND HALDANE
s. The theory of natural selection
1. A=t, B=q, C=r, D=p
2. A=s, B=t, C=q, D=p
3. A=q, B=t, C=r, D=p
4. A=r, B=q, C=s, D=p
t. The theory of biogenesis
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04 .The scientist who experimentally 04 The scientist who experimentally showed that the boiled meat could not generate maggots spontaneously was,
y 1. Louis Pasteur
y 2. Van Helmont
2 Van Helmont
y 3. A.I. Oparin
y 4. Fransico
F
i Redi
R di
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05. Read the following statements:
y STATEMENT A: The pre‐biotic earth had a reducing atmosphere.
y STATEMENT B: There was no free oxygen in the STATEMENT B Th f i th atmosphere of pre‐biotic earth.
y 1. Both the statements A and B are correct and B is 1 Both the statements A and B are correct and B is the reason for A.
y 2. Both the statements A and B are correct and B is not the reason for A.
y 3. Statement A is correct but B is wrong.
y 4. Statement A is wrong but B is correct.
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06. The book, "Origin of Life" was written y
by
y 1. Aristotle
1 Aristotle
y 2. J.B.S Haldane
y 3. A.I.Oparin
y 4. Charles Darwin
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07. The first eukaryote evolved on earth about earth about ________ years ago.
years ago.
y 1. 4.6 billion
y 2. one Billion
y 3. 2.1 billion
y 4. 3.6 billion
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08. Identify the correct combination of 08
Identify the correct combination of organic and inorganic molecules present in the pre biotic earth.
present in the pre‐biotic earth
y 1. O2, H2O, CH4, H2
y 2. CH4, HCN, H2O, NH4
CH HCN H O NH
y 3. H2O, NH4. O2, H2
y 4. CH4, HCN, O2, H2
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09. Read the following statements:
y A. Microspheres do not have all properties of life.
A Mi
h
d t h
ll ti f lif
y B. Microspheres are composed of many protein molecules
protein molecules.
y C. Microspheres bud to form smaller microspheres.
microspheres
Of these, the correct statements are
1 A B and C
1. A, B and C
2. A and B only
3. A and C only
4. B and C only Vikasana - CET 2012
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10. The complex organic molecules synthesized abiotically in the ancient sea later came together spontaneously to form microscopic colloidal droplets. These droplets are called,
y 1. Coacervates
y 2. Protobionts
y 3. Protocells
y 4. Microspheres
Mi
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11. Which one of the following experiment was conducted by Sydney Fox to prove chemical evolution of life?
y 1. Spark Discharge Apparatus experiment.
y 2. He heated a mixture of all amino acids to 180 degree C and showed the thermal g
synthesis of protenoids.
y 33. He mixed coacervates to produce p
protobionts.
y 4. He mixed different gases to produce amino acids and proteins..
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12. Which one of the following is the g
contribution of Sydney Fox?
y 1. He proposed theory of artificial selection.
p p
y
y 2. He showed that natural selection operates in the presence of mutations.
y 3. He experimentally proved the chemical evolution of life.
y 4. He showed that the organs disappear if they are not used
they are not used.
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13. The following diagram represents the Miller
13. The following diagram represents the Miller'ss spark discharge apparatus. Read the related statements.
y A. This apparatus simulated the conditions of pre‐biotic earth. y B. This apparatus consisted of a B Thi i d f mixture of gases[methane, hydrogen, ammonia and steam].
y C. The spark simulated the lightening C Th k i l d h li h i of pre‐biotic earth.
y D. This experiment showed the production of first cells.
d ti f fi t ll
y Of these, the correct statements are,
1. A and B 2. A , B and C 3. D and B 4. D and C
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COLUMN ‐I
COLUMN‐II
A FRANSISCO REDI p. The theory of chemical A. FRANSISCO REDI
Th th
f h i l evolution
B. LOUIS PASTEUR
q. Disproval of spontaneous generation
i
C. SYDNEY FOX
r. Swan necked flask experiment
D. OPARIN
s. Panspermia
1. A=r, B=q, C=s, D=t
2. A=q, B=r, C=p, D=s
3. A=q, B=r, C=p, D=t
4. A=q, B=r, C=t, D=p
t. Protobiogenesis
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15. "Population increases at geometric 15. Population increases at geometric rate, while food production increases at arithmetic rate was proposed by
arithmetic rate" was proposed by
y 1. Darwin
y 2. Lamark
y 3. Malthus
3 Malthus
y 4. Wallace
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16. Find the odd or incorrect pair
y 1. The theory of natural selection‐
1. The theory of natural selection
Charles Darwin
y 2. The theory of Biogenesis‐
2 The theory of Biogenesis‐ Louis Pasteur
y 3. The mutation theory‐Hugo de Vries
Th t ti th
H
d V i
y 4. The modern synthetic theory‐ Lamark
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17. Darwins
17
Darwins' theory of natural theory of natural selection is based on
y 1. Use and disuse.
d di
y 2. Inheritance of acquired characters.
y 3. Mutations.
y 4. Prodigality, struggle for existence and 4 Prodigality struggle for existence and survival of the fittest.
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8 EVOLUTION IS DRIVEN MAINLY 18. EVOLUTION IS DRIVEN MAINLY BY NATURAL SELECTION.
™OVERPRODUCTION
™STRUGGLE FOR EXISTENCE
™VARIATION
™NATURAL SELECTION OR SURVIVAL OF THE FITTEST
™SPECIATION OR ORIGIN OF NEW SPECIES
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19. By the statement "Survival of the 19. By the statement Survival of the fittest", Darwin meant that,
y 1. The strongest of all species survives
Th t
t f ll i i
y 2. The most intelligent of the species survives.
y 3. The cleverest of the species survives
p
y 4. The most adaptable of the species to change survives.
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20. Which one of the following is a t iki l f t
l striking example for natural selection?
y 1. Neck of giraffe
1 Neck of giraffe
y 2. Wing of Bat
y 3. Colour of peppered moth
y 4. White eye of drosophila
4 White eye of drosophila
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21. According to Darwin, evolution is
y 1. A slow, Sudden and discontinuous 1 A slow Sudden and discontinuous process
y 2. A sudden but continuous process
y 3. a slow and discontinuous process
y 4. A slow, gradual and continuous process.
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22. To develop the Mutation theory, p
y,
Hugo de Vries worked on the plant,
y 1. Pisum sativum
y 2. Lathyrus odoratus
y 3. Primula
3 Primula vulgaris
y 4. Oenothera lamarkiana
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23. The establishment of phenotypic trait 23
The establishment of phenotypic trait in response to changing environmental conditions in peppered moth is an example for,
y 1. Natural Selection
1 Natural Selection
y 2. Sexual selection
y 3. Genetic equilibrium
y4
4. Chromosomal mutation
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24. The origin of new species from pre‐
4
g
p
p
existing species only by a sudden change g
g
occurring in the genetic material is the essence of _______ theory.
y 1. The theory of natural selection
1 The theory of natural selection
y 2. The Theory of biogenesis
y 3. The mutation theory
Th i h
y 4. The Neo‐Darwinism
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25. According to Hugo de Vries, the new species originate as a result of i i i
l f mutations. Mutations are
y 1. Sudden, heritable change in the genetic material.
y 2. Changes occurring due to recombination Ch
i d bi
i during meiosis.
y 3. Changes occurring due to gene flow between Ch
i d t fl b t
two populations.
y 4. Changes acquired after mitosis.
4 Changes acquired after mitosis
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26. Which one of the following is an g
example for genetic variation?
y 1. Two children having different eye colours.
y 2. One person has a scar but his friend 2 One person has a scar but his friend does not.
y 3. One person is older than another.
O i ld th th
y 4. A person eats meat, but his brother is a vegetarian. Vikasana - CET 2012
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27. Which one of the following is also called Sewall Wright effect?
y 1. Gene Pool
y 2. Gene flow
y 3. Genetic drift
y 4. Isolation
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28. Which one of the following factors is y
g
most likely to contribute gene flow between populations?
y 1. Random mating
y 2. Migration
y 3. Mutation
M t ti
y 4. Genetic drift
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29. Which of the following has initiated p p
g
the formation of population genetics and associated evolutionary studies?
y 1. Mechanistic theory of Darwin
y 2. Hardy Weinberg law
y 3. Natural theory
N t
l th
y 4. Lamarkism
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330. Using Hardy‐Weinberg principle, g
y
gp
p ,
which expression represents the frequency of homozygous recessive phenotype?
y 1. P2 P y 2. 2pq pq
y 3. q2 y 4. q
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31. Sum total of genes in a population is y 1. Genotype
y 2. Phenotype
y 3. Karyotype
y 4. Gene pool
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32. Transfer of genes from one gene pool to another is y 1. Genetic drift
y 2. Gene flow
y 3. Speciation
y 4. Mutation
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COLUMN ‐I
COLUMN‐II
A. Transfer of genes between A
two populations
B. Random changes in gene frequency in a small population
p Gene pool
p. Gene pool
1. A=r, B=q, C=s, D=p
q. Genetic drift 2. A=r, B=q, C=p, D=t
3. A=q, B=q, C=s, D=r
A B C D
4. A=s, B=r, C=t, D=p
C. Sudden heritable changes in C Sudden heritable changes in r. Gene flow
r Gene flow
the genetic material
D. Sum total of all genes of all individuals in a mendelian population
s. Mutation t speciation
t. speciation
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34. Read the following statements
y STATEMENT‐A. Evolution is the gradual change STATEMENT A E l ti i th d l h
that takes place in organisms in millions of years and new species are produced.
p
p
y STATEMENT‐B. Heredity is the transmission of characters from parents to offspring.
y 1. Both the statements A and B are correct and B is the reason for A.
y 2. Both the statements A and B are correct and B is not the 2 Both the statements A and B are correct and B is not the reason for A.
y 3. Statement A is correct but B is wrong
y 4. Statement A is wrong but B is correct
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35
Breeds of dogs such as German 35. Breeds of dogs such as German Sheppard and Saint Bernard occurs as a result of
lt f
y 1. Polyploidy
yp
y
y 2. Artificial selection
y 3. Mutation
M t ti
y4
4. Natural selection
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36. Gene frequency in a population remains stable in the presence of y 1. Gene flow
y 2. Genetic drift
y 3. Mutation
y 4. Random Mating
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37. In terms of evolutionary biology, a species can be defined as,
can be defined as
y 1. A group of similar organisms with different gene pool
y 2. A group of similar organisms with a common gene pool and have a common ancestry
y 3. A group of similar organisms that lack sexual reproduction
y4
4. A group of dissimilar organisms with many g
p
g
y
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gene pool
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38. Populations are said to be sympatric when,
y 1. Two populations are physically isolated p p
p y
y
by natural barriers.
y 2. Two populations live together and freely p p
g
y
interbreed to produce a sterile offspring.
y 3. Two populations share same 3
p p
environment but cannot interbreed.
y 4.
4. Two populations are isolated but wo popu at o s a e so ated but
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occasionally come together to interbreed.
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39. Darwin’s theory of evolution fails 39. Darwin
s theory of evolution fails to explain,
y 1. Role of environment R l f i
y 2. Origin and transmission of g
variation
y 3. Overproduction
3 Overproduction
y 4. Survival of the fittest
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40. In the case of peppered moth (Biston betularia) the black‐coloured
h bl k l
d form became dominant over f
b
d
the
light coloured form in England during industrial light‐coloured
revolution. This is an example of
y 1. Inheritance of darker colour character acquired due to the darker environment.
y 2. Natural selection whereby the darker forms were selected.
y 3. Appearance of the darker coloured individuals d due to very poor sunlight.
li h
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y 4. Protective mimicry.
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41. The frequency of alleles in a 4
q
y
Mendelian population are subjected to the influence of
y 1. Reproductive isolation
y 2. Vegetative reproduction
y 3. Mitosis
3 Mitosis
y 4. Non sexual reproduction
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42. Mutation leads to the change in y1. Enzymes
y
y2. Environment
y3. DNA y4. RNA
4 RNA
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43. A population in which the allele and 43
p p
the genotype do not change over time is said to be in
y 1. Genetic stasis
y 2. Genetic equilibrium
2 Genetic equilibrium
y 3. Allelic Balance
y 4. Population stability
l
bl
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44. An alternation in the arrangement of nucleotides in a chromosome, possibly l
id i h
ibl resulting in either a structural or physiological change in the organism is h i l i l h
i h i i called
y 1. Genetic drift
y 2. Gene flow
y 3. Mutation
y 4. Natural selection
4 Natural selection
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45. Individuals within a species tend to be 45
p
genetically different. The primary g
g
mechanism generating this individual variability is
y 1. Meiosis
1 Meiosis
y 2. Mitosis
y 3. Polyploidy
P l l id
y 4. Asexual reproduction
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46. A physical barrier that separates a 4
p y
p
population causes
y 1. Behavioral isolation
1 Behavioral isolation
y 2. Physiological isolation
y 3. Geographical isolation
y 4. Immigration
4 Immigration
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47. If formerly interbreeding organisms p
p
are prevented from the production of fertile offspring, _______has occurred.
y 1. Behavioral isolation
y 2. Reproductive isolation
y 3. Physiological isolation
Ph i l i l i l ti
y 4. Geographical isolation
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48. What is the correct equation for the Hardy Weinberg principle?
the Hardy ‐Weinberg principle?
y 1. p2+2p+2q+q2=1
y 2. 2p2+2pq+q2=1000
y 3. p2‐2pq+q
2pq+q2=11
y 4. p2+2pq+q2=1
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49. The first living forms resulted from g
the final stage of chemical evolution is y 1. Prebionts
y 2. Protobionts
2 Protobionts
y 3. Probionts
y 4. Protenoids
d
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50. Which one of the following is not correct about the characteristics of protobionts
[coacervates and microspheres] as envisaged in the abiogenic origin of life?
y 1. They could maintain an internal environment.
y 2. They were able to reproduce.
y
p
y 3. They were partially isolated from the surrounding.
y 4. They could separate combinations of molecules from the surrounding.
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