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BIOINFORMATICS LAUREN M. BANSBACH BIOL 546 15 NOVEMBER 2016 BIOINFORMATICS = COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Biology BIOINFORMATICS Probability & statistics Computer science VOLUME OF MOLECULAR SEQUENCE DATA IS GROWING EXPONENTIALLY COMPUTING POWER IS NOT KEEPING UP BIOINFORMATICS PIONEER: MARGARET OAKLEY DAYHOFF • Physical chemist and professor at Georgetown University Medical Center • Research biochemist and Associate Director at National Biomedical Research Foundation • Applied mathematical and computational methods to biochemistry • Compiled one of the first protein sequence databases • Atlas of Protein Sequence and Structure (1965) – all known protein sequences • Developed one letter codes for amino acids to reduce size of data files • Pioneered methods of sequence alignment and molecular evolution • Compared proteins to reconstruct their evolutionary history – first application of computers to infer phylogenies from molecular sequence BIOINFORMATICS WORKFLOW Raw Reads • Quality control Assemble Contigs • Reference Assembly • Experimental Assemblies Analysis Source: personal communication with Oliver Oviedo • Subcluster • Annotation GENOME ANNOTATION EXAMPLES OF BIOINFORMATICS DATA Subcluster graph Correlation matrix Data courtesy of Oliver Oviedo Source: Venture Beat Jan. 2013 POSSIBILITIES WITH BIOINFORMATICS • Sequence assembly • Genome annotation • Compare whole genomes • Phylogenetics and evolution • Disease association • Genome expression • Protein expression • Chromosome structure • Protein structure • Molecular interactions DEGREE PROGRAMS • Bioinformatics • Computational Biology • Medical Informatics