Download Anxiety Disorders

ObsessiveCompulsive &
Related Disorders
Anxiety
Disorders
Trauma &
Stressor-Based
Disorders
Bipolar &
Related
Disorders
DSM-5
Categories of
Disorders
Somatic Symptom
& Related
Disorders
Dissociatve
Disorders
Depressive
Disorders
Schizophrenia
Spectrum & Other
Psychotic Disorders
Anxiety
Disorders
Anxiety Disorders
 Anxiety:
a vague, generalized
apprehension or feeling that one is in
danger.
 Anxiety Disorder: Anxiety that is out
of proportion to the situation
provoking it.

Most common type of mental illness in
U.S.
 40
million people
Shared Characteristics of All
Anxiety Disorders
 Personal
inadequacy
 Avoidance of dealing with problems
 Unrealistic image of oneself
 Self-defeating behavior
 Unable to free oneself of recurring
worries
 Difficulty forming stable and satisfying
relationships
 Constant worrying, sudden mood
swings, physical symptoms

Headaches, sweating, muscle tightness,
weakness, fatigue
3 Main Anxiety Disorders
 Generalized
Anxiety Disorder
 Panic Disorder
 Phobic Disorder
1. Generalized Anxiety
Disorder
 Almost
constant feeling of anxiousness as
a result of vague or imagined dangers.
 Can blossom into a full-fledged panic
attack

Include choking sensations, chest pain,
dizziness, trembling, hot flashes, etc.
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
 Examples:



Fearing unknown/unforeseen
circumstances, they are unable to make
decisions
Preoccupied with internal problems, so
they neglect social relationships
Comes from environment, major life
changes, etc
 Vicious

Cycle:
The more they worry, the more difficulty
they have. The more difficulty they
have, the more they worry
2. Panic Disorder




Panic: a feeling of sudden, helpless terror,
such as the overwhelming fright one
might experience when cornered by a
predator
Panic Disorder: an extreme anxiety that
manifests itself in the form of panic
attacks
Panic Attacks: sudden and
unexplainable attacks or intense anxiety,
leading the individual to feel a sense of
inevitable doom or even the fear that he
or she is about to die.
Linked with agoraphobia
3. Phobic Disorders
 Phobias:



Severe anxiety that is focused on a
particular object, animal, activity,
or situation
Range in intensity from mild to
extremely severe
People deal with phobias by
avoiding the thing they are afraid
of
Acarophobia
Acrophobia
Aerophobia
Agoraphobia
Atelophobia
Autophobia
Catagelophobia
 Fear
of being ridiculed
Claustrophobia
Entomophobia
Felinophobia
Heliophobia
Hemophobia
Hydrophobia
Logizomechanophobia
Lygophobia
Nosocomephobia
Verminophobia
Zoophobia
The Phobia List
Link
Other Anxiety Disorders
 Selective
Mutism
 Separation Anxiety Disorder
ObsessiveCompulsive &
Related
Disorders
OC & Related Disorders
 OCD
 Body
Dysmorphic Disorder
 Hoarding Disorder
 Trichotillomania (Hair-Pulling Disorder)
 Excoriation (Skin-Picking Disorder)
Obsessive-Compulsive
Disorder
 Obsession:
an uncontrollable pattern of
thoughts
 Compulsions: coping behaviors
 Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: both of
these behaviors together; interferes with
what a person wants or needs to do


Washing hands 20-30x a day, avoid
stepping on cracks in the sidewalk,
recurring unpleasant thoughts about
death, etc.
Know it’s wrong, but unable to stop
Why do people develop
obsessions and compulsions?
 OCD
can serve as a diversion from a
person’s real fears, so it may reduce
anxiety.
 Provide the person with evidence that
they are doing something well, even if it is
only avoiding cracks on a sidewalk.
 Genetic
Common Examples of OCD
Common Obsessions:
Common
Compulsions:
Contamination fears of germs, dirt,
Washing
etc.
Imagining having harmed self or
Repeating
others
Imagining losing control of
aggressive urges
Checking
Excessive religious or moral doubt
Counting
Forbidden thoughts
Ordering/arranging
A need to have things "just so"
Hoarding or saving
Trauma &
Stressor Related
Disorders
Post-Traumatic Stress
Disorder
A
condition in which a person who has
experienced a traumatic event feels severe
and long lasting effects
 Symptoms: involuntary flashbacks, recurring
nightmares, insomnia, feelings of guilt, social
withdrawal, jumpy anxiety



Extremely long lasting, up to decades.
Ex: Mi Lai Massacre
Common among veterans, survivors of acts of
terrorism, natural disasters, catastrophes, and
human aggression
ObsessiveCompulsive &
Related Disorders
Anxiety
Disorders
Trauma &
Stressor-Based
Disorders
Bipolar &
Related
Disorders
DSM-5
Categories of
Disorders
Somatic Symptom
& Related
Disorders
Dissociatve
Disorders
Depressive
Disorders
Schizophrenia
Spectrum & Other
Psychotic Disorders
Explaining Anxiety, OCD/Related, &
Trauma/Stressor Based Disorders
 What
would each perspective of psych
say about why someone has these
disorders?
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Psychodynamic Perspective
 Anxiety rooted in repressed ID
impulses
 Impulses = obsessive thoughts
 Compulsions = ego defenses
against them
 E.g.: Lady Macbeth: Anxiety/guilt
over her part in a murder 
compulsive hand washing to get
rid of the imagined blood.
 How would you treat Lady
Macbeth?
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Behavioral Perspective
 Focus
on compulsions, not obsessions
 Theory: association forms randomly
between fear/anxiety reduction and the
compulsive behavior
 Compulsive behavior becomes reinforcing
because it reduces anxiety
 Therefore compulsion increases in
frequency
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Biological Perspective
 Drugs
that increase Serotonin activity are
somewhat effective in treating OCD
 Serotonin is also active in 2 brain areas that
have been associated with OCD: the orbital
region of the frontal cortex and caudate
nucleus