* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download NAME: EMMANUEL EMMANUELA OLUWATOSIN. DEPARTMENT
Compliance and ethics program wikipedia , lookup
Sexual ethics wikipedia , lookup
Divine command theory wikipedia , lookup
Paleoconservatism wikipedia , lookup
Aristotelian ethics wikipedia , lookup
Kantian ethics wikipedia , lookup
Ethics of eating meat wikipedia , lookup
Neohumanism wikipedia , lookup
Virtue ethics wikipedia , lookup
Lawrence Kohlberg wikipedia , lookup
J. Baird Callicott wikipedia , lookup
Bernard Williams wikipedia , lookup
Cosmopolitanism wikipedia , lookup
Philosophy of history wikipedia , lookup
Organizational technoethics wikipedia , lookup
Individualism wikipedia , lookup
Moral development wikipedia , lookup
Arthur Schafer wikipedia , lookup
Jewish ethics wikipedia , lookup
Moral disengagement wikipedia , lookup
Morality throughout the Life Span wikipedia , lookup
Lawrence Kohlberg's stages of moral development wikipedia , lookup
Alasdair MacIntyre wikipedia , lookup
Critique of Practical Reason wikipedia , lookup
Morality and religion wikipedia , lookup
Business ethics wikipedia , lookup
Moral responsibility wikipedia , lookup
Consequentialism wikipedia , lookup
Moral relativism wikipedia , lookup
Ethical intuitionism wikipedia , lookup
Ethics in religion wikipedia , lookup
NAME: EMMANUEL EMMANUELA OLUWATOSIN. DEPARTMENT: MEDICINE AND SURGERY COURSE: GST 113 (LOGIC, PHILOSOPHY AND HUMAN EXISTENCE) DATE: 10 October 2016. ASSIGNMENT READ AND CRITICALLY REVIEW CHAPTHER NINETEEN, TITLED “ETHICS AND HUMAN CONDUCT IN THE SOCIETY” ON PAGES 119-207. The idea of human being referred to as “zoo politikon” meaning political animals by Aristotle portrays human beings as social beings, in the sense that no human being can survive alone or be an island( or a Robinson Crusoe) and be satisfied with himself or herself. In full consideration and conclusion it means that all human have spiritual, political, social and all other goals to fulfil among the people around them or that dwell in their surroundings. In socializing with people there is a challenge one must face which is the code of conduct of the individual. In order to remain at peace with oneself and others on must learn to live and act with good conduct so as to survive. However the society has learnt that there is so much importance of moral rules hence furthering the development of ethics. Ethics is the systematic study of what is good or bad, what is wrong or right, what is just and unjust. Ethics is a field of philosophy where analytical and critical tools of philosophy are focused on human actions. It is an inquiry into the moral worth of human conducts; it touches every part or aspects that deal with human conduct or the other. The good or right actions are moral and the bad or wrong actions are immoral. Ethics however helps humans to know human conducts or vices that are immoral or should be run away from or condemned. Metaethics, according to bodunrin is “the first step in philosophical reasoning is conceptual analysis”. Metaethics does not deal with any wrong or right action; hence it is not an ethics that talks about the rightness or wrongness. It is concerned with the meaning of ethical statements. Ethical statements make universeable prescription; if one says that “stealing is bad” it simply implies that that individual is trying to tell his audience that stealing is immoral or bad and should be avoided. It’s like commanding everyone that they should not steal. Some metaethical problem addresses or tries to prove the justification of the moral standards. Its aim is to understand what is right or wrong or what is moral or immoral. In this aspect, in determining what is right or wrong or moral or immoral, it is done by making reference to God’s word. Hence, anything that God says is bad is immoral, while anything he says I good is moral. In that sense God is the source of our moral derives. For some other people the source of their moral drives is their culture and tradition. Their tradition determines what is right and wrong. Simon Blackburn defined ethics as the study of the concepts involved in practical reasoning: good, right, duty , obligation, virtue, freedom, rationality, choice and also the study of the objectivity, subjectivity, relativism, or scepticism that may attend claims made in these term. Normative ethics is a sub-branch of moral philosophy (ethics) that deals with issues that we individual find so hard to conclude on the fact that they are immoral or moral derives or makes you unsure on what steps to take concerning this issues. Due to confusions human beings or individual have had on certain complicated issues (issues that do not confirm to being bad or good), philosophers put up normative theories to help in determining the rightness or wrongness of this issues. The first set of the theories is teleological ethical theories. This set of theories is set at looking at the consequences of an action in determining the rightness or wrongness of the issue. An action is therefore bad or wrong if it leads to bad result and good or right if it leads to good results. For philosophers in this aspect, if the issue promotes more pleasure than pain, it is right but if it promotes more pain than pleasure, it is said to be wrong. Ethical hedonism (a normative ethical theory) is an ethical theory that interprets the rightness or wrongness of an action this way. For ethical hedonist pleasure is the intrinsic good worth seeking while pain is the intrinsic bad worth avoiding. Ethical egoism (one of three theories to shed light upon whom the pleasure should be for) recommends that the performer should have the maximum pleasure. Teleological ethical theory requires that we foresee the outcome of your actions. Ethics has two dimensions of influence on an individual; the first is to enable the individual to understand the terms, concepts and statements employed in moral reasoning or moral discourse and the second which is creating theories for guiding people, for them to behave rationally or morally.