Download Timeline: Biblical, Political, World Events

Political Timeline, World Events, People
ca. 4000 BC
?-2500 BC
ca. 2500 BC
ca. 2500-2000 BC
ca. 2000 BC
2000-1845 BC
1845-1445 BC
ca. 1500 BC
1445-1405 BC
1405-1398 BC
1398-1043 BC
1190 BC
ca. 1000 BC
1043-931 BC
931-722/606 BC
800-700 BC
776 BC
753 BC
722 BC
Pre 700 BC
606/586-536 BC
582-507 BC
551-479 BC
536, 458, 445 BC
509 BC
ca. 500 BC
469-399 BC
431-404 BC
427-348 BC
423 BC
384-322 BC
359-336 BC
356 BC
338 BC
336 BC
323 BC
301 BC
275 BC
ca. 250-150 BC
200 BC
198 BC
167-165 BC
146 BC
Egyptian Empire – Assyrian Empire – Babylonian Empire – Persian Empire – Greek Empire – Roman Empire
Adam
Antediluvian Period
Noah
Postdiluvian Period
Abraham
Patriarchal Period
Israel in Egypt
Moses
Wilderness Wanderings
Conquest of Canaan
Judges of Israel
Trojan War
David
United Kingdom
Divided Kingdom
First notated music extant
First recorded Olympic Games
Rome (city) founded by Romulus and Remus
753-509 BC – The city developed from a village to a city ruled by kings
Assyrian captivity of Israel
Homer
Babylonian captivity of Judah
Pythagoras
Confucius
Three Returns from captivity for Jews
Roman Republic established
Romans expelled the kings and established the Republic
Ezra
Socrates
Peloponnesian War – War between basically the city-states of Athens and Sparta with other cities backing
one or the other.
With the help of the Persians the Spartans won
Much of Greece is left poor and weak
Plato
Samaritan temple built on Mt. Gerizim – John 4:20
Aristotle, worked in Athens
Rule of Phillip II, King of Macedon(ia) – north of Greece
Alexander the Great is born, son of Phillip II
Tutored by Aristotle
Phillip II conquered the Greeks and unified the Greek city-states and Macedonia into one empire
Philip II, is assassinated
Alexander becomes king
Alexander’s empire extends from Greece – South to Egypt and East to India
He took an army of Greeks and Macedonians and attacked the Persian Empire and
gradually took it over then continued east
The areas that are now Turkey, Phoenicia, Israel, Egypt, then east to Afghanistan and
India
Alexander considered himself to be the apostle and emissary of the classical Greek
culture.
He took historians, ethnographers, geographers, botanists, zoologists, mineralogists, and
hydrographers on his conquests. Hellenism was spread everywhere he went.
Including Jerusalem
Alexander the Great dies
Empire divided into three distinct Hellenistic empires
Macedonia and parts of Greece
Seleucid Empire (Syria) – from western Asia Minor to Mesopotamia, established by
Seleucus
Ptolemaic Empire in Egypt and the North African coast, along with some islands in the
Mediterranean, established by Ptolemy
The Romans are beginning to expand out of Italy
Sicily – the Romans were fighting the Carthaginians
The Greeks helped the Carthaginians but they lost
The Romans were angry at the Greeks for helping and they began taking Greece over
The Romans pretended to let Greece be independent but eventually destroyed Corinth
and made Greece a province of the Roman Empire in 146 BC
Septuagint translation in Alexandria
Great Wall built in China
Judea was in a “buffer zone” between the Ptolemies and Seleucids until 198 BC when the Seleucids gained
control
During the Seleucid period is when Antiochus Epiphanies desecrated the temple – 168
BC
Maccabean Revolt – Jews gain their independence from the Seleucids
Greece turned into a Roman province
63 BC
44 BC
42 BC
37-4 BC
31 BC
27 BC
Roman defeated Greece militarily but Greece defeated Roman culturally
Rome continues to spread Greek culture.
Rome was interested in Greek plays and philosophy
Many Greeks went to Rome as teachers and entertainers & Romans went to Athens to the
colleges, Plato’s Academy and Aristotle’s Lyceum
Rome gains control over Judea – defeated by Pompey
This is just a part of the extension of power Rome was gaining over the whole
Mediterranean region that began in 275 BC
This extension put an immense strain on the Republic
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New tax revenues
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Expanded economy
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Higher standard of living
New wealthy class at Rome
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•
Political corruption
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Social dislocation
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Moral decline
•
Political bribery is common
Abused slaves in the countryside
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Plantations revolted and were often joined by the oppressed poor
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Divorce, adultery, prostitution, pederasty
A highly centralized, stronger role seemed necessary, and eventually the Romans looked
more and more to the military for leadership. The Roman Senate began losing power
Series of strong military leaders in the 1st century BC
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Pompey
Julius Caesar
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•
Antony
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Octavian
Antipater is appointed ruler of Judea
Political and military decisions and fighting persisted during this period
Rule and alliances changed frequently
Unclear if Antipater was actually appointed ruler or if it was his son, Herod, who actually
ruled
Judea is a client kingdom of Rome
Julius Caesar is murdered
This was an attempt to take Roman government out of the hands of the generals and
return it to the Senate
Octavian and Antony had defeated Caesar’s murderers
Octavian controls Italy and the West
Antony controls the East as far as the Euphrates
Herod the Great ruled the “client kingdom” of Judea
As Rome expanded it set-up client kingdoms in some of the areas it conquered
Client kingdoms were ruled by “there own” independent or semi-independent King, but
Rome was the source of the power, money, and authority.
Possibly due to the political connections of his father, Herod was able to marry into the
ruling family in Judea, or he succeeded his father Antipater as ruler.
He was a successful client king because he paid tribute to Rome and was on the correct
side of any kind of Roman disputes.
Rebuilt and greatly expanded the Temple in Jerusalem
King of Judea when Jesus is born
At his death Judea subdivided among three of his sons
•
Herod Antipas (Tetrarch) – northern territories of the Galilee and those on the
east side of the Jordan River
Beheaded John the Baptist because of relationship with
Herodias, Herodias was his brother Philip’s wife
Matthew 14:1-12
•
Tried to question Jesus before his crucifixion
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Luke 23:7-11
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Phillip – took the areas to the east of the Sea of Galilee, now known as the Golan
Heights, and a lot of territory in this area
•
Archelaeus – took the major portion, most important cities, usually referred to
as Judea
After 10 years he was removed by Rome and replaced by
military governors – Pontius Pilate is one of the first round of
Prefect’s, Procurator’s (military governor’s) he took over in 26
AD
•
Aristobulus – another son of Herod the Great but not given any territory. Herod
Agrippa is his son and Herod Agrippa II is his grandson.
Herod Agrippa died by worms????
•
Acts???
Herod Agrippa II did???
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Acts???
Octavian defeats Antony’s forces
Antony and Cleopatra commit suicide
When Octavian returns to Rome the Senate conferred upon him the title Augustus.
Roman Empire established with Octavian – Augustus Caesar the first emperor
6 BC
4 BC
14 AD
26-36 AD
ca. 30 AD
32~33 AD
33~34 AD
37 AD
41 AD
43 AD
46~49 AD
47~48 AD
48~49 AD
49 AD
49-51 AD
51 AD
51~55 AD
54 AD
63
64 AD
ca. 66~80 AD
67 AD
68 AD
69 AD
56~57 AD
56 AD
58~60 AD
ca. 60~70 AD
60 AD
61 AD
62 AD
He is emperor when Jesus is born
Jesus is born
Seneca is born (4 BC – 65 AD)
Roman philosopher, dramatist, and statesman
Deeply influenced by the Stoic philosophy
Tutored Nero
Forced to commit suicide by Nero for conspiracy to kill Nero
Tiberius becomes emperor
He appointed Pontius Pilate as Roman military governor or procurator
Emperor at the time of the ministry and crucifixion of Jesus
Died by being smothered with a pillow while on his death bed from a terminal illness –
wasn’t dying fast enough
Pilate holds the position of military governor
Took over after Archelaeus, ruler of Judea after his father Herod the Great died, was
removed by Rome
The governor had complete judicial authority over all who were not Roman citizens.
Many times, especially cases relating to religious matters, the Sanhedrin made decisions,
ex. The Sanhedrin trial of Jesus
The Sanhedrin sent Jesus to the Roman authority because it could not impose the death
sentence
Recalled to Rome in 36 AD
May have committed suicide, or was secretly a Christian and was condemned to death by
the Roman Senate
He is considered a martyr by the Coptic church, major Christian church in Egypt, which
celebrates his feast day on June 25
Jesus is crucified
Day of Pentecost
Stoning of Stephen – Acts 7:54
Paul is converted – Acts 9:1
Caligula is emperor
Demanded that he be addressed as a god
Demanded that statues of himself be set up in the Temple of Jerusalem
Assassinated by his private Praetorian Guard
Claudius becomes emperor
Poisoned by his fourth wife, Agrippina, to allow Nero to become emperor
Paul’s trip to Antioch
Epistle of James is written
Paul’s 1st missionary journey – Acts 13-14
Peter at Antioch – Gal 2:11-16
Epistle of Galatians is written
Jerusalem council – Acts 15:6-29
Paul’s 2nd missionary journey – Acts 15:40 – 18:22
Epistles of 1st & 2nd Thessalonians written
Paul’s 3rd missionary journey – Acts 18:23 – 21:16
Nero is emperor
Christianity is singled out as an enemy of Nero and the Roman Empire. The loyalty of
Christians to “Jesus as Lord,” was irreconcilable with the worship of the Roman emperor
as “Lord”.
Committed suicide or assassinated in 68 AD
Epistle of Romans written
Epistles of 1st & 2nd Corinthians written
Paul is arrested – Acts 21:26
Paul appears before Felix and Drusilla – Acts 24:24-26
Paul is imprisoned in Caesarea then later sent to Rome – Acts 24:27 – 28:16
Matthew & Hebrews are written
Epistles of Philemon, Colossians, Ephesians are written
Acts and Philippians are written
James, the Lord’s brother is killed
Peter in Rome
Mark is written
Paul in Macedonia
1 Timothy is written
Titus and 1 Peter are written
Great fire devastated most of Rome
Nero may have set the fire but blames the Christians
Peter and Paul may have been martyred by Nero around this time (maybe as late as 68)
Jude is written
2 Timothy is written
Galba, Otho, Vitellius all claim the emperorship
Vespasian is named emperor
He had been sent to crush a full scale revolt by the Jews (66 – 70 AD)
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Jewish Revolt (66-70 AD)
For several years there was growing tension over the last few governors of the
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countryside, they were abusive and corrupt administrators, Bandits and rebels
in the country, The Rise of the Zealot movement, Jewish nationalists
•
Specifically – there was a riot in Caesarea, Jewish inhabitants of Caesarea had
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70 AD
70~90 AD
79 AD
81 AD
96 AD
98 AD
100 AD
117 AD
138 AD
161 AD
306 AD
313 AD
325 AD
354-430 AD
393 AD
398 AD
1517 AD
1546 AD
1509-1564 AD
1646 AD
95 AD
gotten angry over the relationships with their gentile neighbors and had gone on
a rampage. The governor wanted them to pay for the damages. The Jews
refused and the governor went to Jerusalem to demand the money come out of
the temple treasury and this ignited the revolt.
Titus, Vespasian’s son, ultimately ended the Jewish revolt by destroying
Jerusalem
Jerusalem destroyed
Council of Jamnia
Titus is emperor
Vesuvius erupts destroying Pompeii
Domitian is emperor
Tyrant
Had enemies murdered
Laid a heavy tax on the people, especially the Jews
Enamored with his own divinity
Persecuted the Christians
John was exiled to Patmos during his reign
Backdrop of Revelation
1, 2, 3 John are written
Revelation is written (also maybe in 64 AD)
Nerva emperor
Trajan emperor
John dies
Hadrian emperor
Antonius Plus emperor
Marcus Aurelius emperor
Also a Stoic philosopher
Constantine I – Emperor of Rome
Edict of Milan
First Council of Nicaea
Augustine
Council of Hippo
Council of Carthage
Martin Luther’s 95 Thesis – October 31, 1517
Council of Trent
John Calvin – Institutes of the Christian Religion 1539-59; translated 1561
Westminster Confession of Faith (Calvinist document)