Download Immune reaction often requires a prompt modification of gene

Immune reaction often requires a prompt modification of gene expression that in turn alters cellular
physiology. There are an increasing number of articles supporting a critical role of translational control
in this aspect of cellular biology. The aim of this work is to present some of cellular and molecular
mechanisms that connect translational control and immune reaction in immune and somatic cells and
can be possibly misused by some viruses. Perhaps not surprisingly, many immunologically relevant
translational control mechanisms are similar to those acting during the stress response.
Over the years it has been documented that the T cells, dendrocytes, Natural killer cells and
macrophages utilize translational control for their immunological activation following stimulation.
Combination of general and gene-specific translational control mechanisms enables fast changes in
proteome and physiology that are characteristic for immune cell activation. The overall impact of
translational control on immune response is further illustrated by the fact that it acts upon each stage of
life of immune cells – from their activation, through survival, to a programmed cell death.
Even in some non-immune cells the translational control plays an important role with respect to
immunity, as these cells are known to have an ability to influence the overall immune response. For
example, fibroblasts and endothelial cells were shown to modify expression of pro-inflammatory
proteins in response to cytokines and other stimuli. Also, cells infected by viruses rapidly alter their
mode of expression via translational control mechanisms in order to reduce the spread of infection.
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