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Subsector: Systematic Biology Evolutionary Biology R. Geeta (Geeta Bharathan) SUNY at Stony Brook, NY, USA GOALS: To understand the patterns of biological variation [biological diversity] To understand the processes that generate this variation [biological diversification] Old World New World 92 100 79 88 66 100 69 54 *95 92 Bharathan et al. 2001 Tacca D. matudae D caucasica D villosa Rhizomatous D tenuipes Tcommunis Tuberized D batatas D japonica D hastifolia D macroura D bemarivensis D trifida D bulbifera D dumetorum D arachnida D quartiniana D dodecaneura D galeottiana D mexicana phylogenetic relationships classification phylogeography trait evolution molecular and genome evolution adaptation natural selection genetic drift sexual selection % University Taxonomists (WTD) A large fraction of systematists work at Universities 70 60 Brazil 50 India 40 USA 30 South Africa 20 10 Australia UK Russia 0 •World Taxonomist Database (http://www.eti.uva.nl/Database/WTD.html) •Society of Systematic Biologists (SSB) members •American Society of Plant Taxonomists (ASPT) members *GEETA, R., ANDRÉ LEVY, J. MATT HOCH, MELISSA MARK. Department of Ecology and Evolution, State University of New York at Stony Brook, NY, USA Part of poster presented at the 54rh Annual Meeting American Institute of Biological Sciencese 21-23 March 2003, Washington, DC.”Bioethics in a Changing World” 10% of University Taxonomists also have appointments at Museums or Herbaria/Botanical Gardens Systematic and Evolutionary Biologists study Biodiversity Biodiversity Phytochemicals Organisms Need access to • Field collected biological material – – • • Living (including seeds, eggs) Non-living (including leaves, DNA, PCR products, other extracts) Laboratory stocks, natural populations Biological/ecological information – – – Floristic and faunal assemblages Climate and weather Soil chemistry “Bioresources” Genes ipr Seeds Activities • Observations • • – – Field Laboratory, greenhouse – – Field Laboratory, greenhouse – – Statistical Computational Experiments Analysis Biological Methods Phylogenetic, Genetic, Molecular genetic, Plant Breeding Work-products • Publications – Peer-reviewed – Books (include texts, manuals) – Popular • Collections – – – – – Specimens (herbarium/museum) Frozen tissue DNA extracts PCR products Clones • Databases [GBIF] – DNA sequences – Genome sequences – Gene expression data • Patents [processes] • Not dependent on species studied – Bioinformatic tools Who owns these ‘products’? –Variable, changing!! –iPlant model for information ‘ownership’? http://iplantcollaborative.org/aboutipc/cyberinfrastructure What are the benefits of the science? GLOBAL: understanding entities and their evolution What is it? What is its origin? What is it related to? Knowledge base of biology How did it come to be? Why is it the way it is? Where might it go? Use the past to understand the present and to plan for the future • Pesticide resistance: herbivorous insects with larger populations will develop resistance faster than will their insect predators. With nothing keeping them in check, they WILL make a come-back • Disease origins, epidemiology LOCAL-’User’ • • Increased ability to address global questions Increased possibility of long-term access/collaborations • • • Systematic knowledge of flora and fauna Collections (physical entity) Development of expertise LOCAL- ‘Provider’