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Transcript
Any inherited characteristic that increases an organism’s chance for survival. A single species evolves into different forms due to natural selection and various forms of isolation. Structures with similar functions that did not come from a common ancestry, but from sharing a similar environment. Selection caused by humans (also called selective breeding). adaptation adaptive radiation analogous structure artificial selection An isolating mechanism that occurs between two populations that are capable of interbreeding but because of reproductive strategies that involve behavior they do not mate. Came up with the idea of natural selection. Two species evolve in response to changes in each other. All living things are derived from common ancestors. behavioral isolation Charles Darwin coevolution common descent Unrelated organisms that come to resemble one another because they share the same environment. Each living species has descended with changes from other species over time. The type of selection that occurs when individuals at either side of the normal distribution curve are favored. When individuals at the upper and lower ends of a normal distribution curve have greater fitness than those near the center of the curve. convergent evolution decent with modification directional selection disruptive selection Change over time. evolution The ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in a specific environment. fitness A situation in which a change in allele frequencies occurs as a result of migration of a subgroup. founder effect All of the genes in a given population. gene pool A random change in allele frequency that occurs as a result of chance. No evolution, due to: random mating, large population, no immigration or emigration, no mutation, no natural selection. Type of reproductive isolation that deals with physical barriers like mountains or rivers. Length of time for half of the radioactive atoms in a sample to decay. genetic drift genetic equilibrium geographic isolation half-life A mathematical equation dealing with the fact that allele frequencies remain constant unless one or more factors cause a change to occur Structures with different mature forms, but look similar in the embryonic form. A recognizable fossil of an organism that lived for a short period of time, but over a wide geographic range. Came up with the idea of the inheritance of acquired traits. Hardy-Weinberg principle homologous structure index fossil Jean-Baptiste Lamarck When multiple species permanently die out during the same time frame. Term that means survival of the fittest. Traits that are controlled by more than one gene. A pattern of evolution where long stable periods are interrupted by brief periods of rapid change. mass extinction natural selection polygenic trait punctuated equilibrium Using the half-life of an isotope to find the absolute age of a fossil. Using index fossils to find the approximate age of a fossil. The number of times that the allele occurs in a gene pool compared with the number of times other alleles for the same trait occur. When members of a species can no longer interbreed, this form of isolation occurs which over time can lead to speciation. radioactive dating relative dating relative frequency reproductive isolation Traits controlled by one gene. The formation of a new species. Type of selection which occurs when individuals near the center of the curve are favored. Members of the same species compete for food, living space, and other necessities. single-gene trait speciation stabilizing selection struggle for existence An isolating mechanism where difference in reproductive times results in speciation. A well-supported testable explanation of phenomena that have occurred in the natural world. A structure that seems to have no use. Homologous structures, Fossil record, geographic distribution, embryology, DNA analysis, viral evolution, and morphology. temporal isolation theory vestigial evidence supporting evolution