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Download AP CH 24 THE ORIGIN OF SPECIES Review
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AP: CHAPTER 23: THE EVOLUTION OF POPULATIONS 1. Population genetics puts a mathematical approach to the study of microevolution. Define each of the terms commonly used in population genetics. a. population: _____________________________________________________________________________ b. gene pool: ______________________________________________________________________________ c. gene frequency: _________________________________________________________________________ 2. List the five conditions that must be met by populations to insure stability (no evolution). a. ______________________________________________________________________________________ b. ______________________________________________________________________________________ c. ______________________________________________________________________________________ d. ______________________________________________________________________________________ e. ______________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Assuming Hardy-Weinberg distribution of genes in a population, write the equation that describes genotype frequencies.______________________________________________________________________________ 4. Define the following: a. p2 = ___________________________________________________________________ b. 2pq = __________________________________________________________________ c. q2 = ___________________________________________________________________ 5. Work out these practice problems. Find both the gene and genotype frequencies: a. In Drosophilia, the allele for normal length wings is dominant over the allele for vestigial wings. In a population of 1,000 individuals, 160 show the recessive phenotype. b. The allele for the hair pattern called "widow's peak" is dominant over the allele for no "widow's peak." In a population of 1,000 individuals, 360 show the dominant phenotype. 6. What is the H-W assumption that is broken when genetic drift occurs? Explain ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ 7. How does genetic drift apply to each of the following? Give an example of each. a. Founders effect: _________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ b. Bottleneck effect ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ 8. How do each of the following break H-W assumptions? a. natural selection: ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ b. gene flow: ______________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ c. mutation: ______________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ d. selective mating: _________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ 9. Why is genetic variation important to evolution? ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ 10. What is the role of mutations to forming variation? ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ 11. What factors of sexual reproduction lead to variations within a population? ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ 12. What is “balanced polymorphism?” ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ 13. How can parasites contribute to balanced polymorphism? ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ 14. What is the effect of sexual selection? ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ AP: CHAPTER 24: THE ORIGIN OF SPECIES 1. Define the term species. ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. How do the patterns of speciation differ? a. anagenesis _____________________________________________________________________________ b. cladogenesis ___________________________________________________________________________ 3. Define and give an example for each of the following barriers that cause isolation. a. prezygotic Barriers _______________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ b. habitat Isolation _________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ c. behavioral Isolation _______________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ d. temporal Isolation ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ e. mechanical isolation ______________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ f. gamete isolation _________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ g. postzygotic barriers ______________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ h. hybrid inviability _________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ i. hybrid sterility ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Define the Modes of Speciation a. allopatric speciation ______________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ b. sympatric speciation ______________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. How do island chains encourage adaptive radiation? ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ 6. How can polyploidy lead to speciation? ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ 7. Compare gradualism and punctuated equilibrium. ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________
