Download Compare and contrast organic molecules and inorganic - bl-whs

1. Compare and contrast organic molecules and
inorganic molecules.
Organic - All contain Carbon
Inorganic - Generally do not contain carbon
2. What is the chemical formula for glucose?
C6H12O6
3. What is the difference between a molecule and
a macromolecule?
● A molecule is two or more atoms held
together by bonds
● A macromolecule is a very large molecule
often consisting of many simpler
molecular units.
4. What are the four main types of organic
macromolecules?
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Lipids
Nucleic acids
5. What three elements make up carbohydrates
and in what ratio will they be in? (How many
atoms of carbon for each atom of Hydrogen,
etc.)
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
1:2:1
6. The main use of carbohydrates is for energy.
Where is this found in the carbohydrate
molecule?
In the chemical bonds that hold the molecule
together
7. Explain the differences between
monosaccharides, disaccharides, and
polysaccharides. Give examples of each.
Mono - One simple sugar molecule = Glucose
Di - Two simple sugars molecules combining to
form a new sugar molecule = Sucrose
Poly - many simple sugars connected to form a
large complex molecule = Starch
8. Explain why Carbohydrates could be
considered the foundation of lipids, proteins and
nucleic acids.
By adding elements such as nitrogen and
phosphorus to the long carbon chains, these
types of molecules can be produced.
9. Where do humans get most of their
carbohydrates?
Diet
10. What is the storage molecule for glucose in
animals and where is this stored?
● Glycogen and stored in the liver
11. Why can’t humans use the carbohydrate
cellulose?
Because we lack the enzyme needed to digest
it, or break it apart.
12. List the types of lipids and their uses in the
body. Give an example of each.
Fats - energy storage = body fat
Steroids - cell communication = hormones
Phospholipids - structural functions = cell
membranes
13. What are the main building blocks that make
up fat molecules?
Glycerol and three fatty-acid chains
14. Explain the difference between saturated fats and
unsaturated fats. Give examples of where each is located
in our diet.
• Saturated fats have all of the carbon atoms in the fatty
acid chains attached to as many hydrogen atoms as
possible
Fats and oils that are solid at room temperature
• Unsaturated fats have will have some carbon atoms
forming double bonds between themselves and will not
have as many hydrogens as possible.
Fats and oils that are liquids at room temperature
15. Two jars of peanut butter are sitting on the
shelf next to each other. One has a layer of oil
on the top and the other doesn’t. Your little
brother or sister asks you why they aren’t the
same. Write down your explanation.
16. What are the building blocks of proteins?
How many kinds of these building blocks are
there?
Amino Acids = 20
17. There are thousands and thousands of
different kinds of proteins in the body. How are
these proteins structurally different?
● They contain different Numbers, Orders,
and Kinds of amino acids
18. What determines a protein’s function?
The shape of the molecule.
19. How is the shape of a protein molecule
determined?
● The different Numbers, Orders, and Kinds
of amino acids
20. Give brief examples of the functions of
proteins.
• Structural = used in building cells and tissues
• Transportation = moves material into and out
of cells
• Enzymes = Chemical reactions
21. Which type of proteins are involved in
chemical reactions?
• Enzymes
22. Give the Acronym and the full name of the
two nucleic acid molecules.
• RNA = Ribonucleic Acid
• DNA = Deoxyribonucleic Acid
23. What are the monomer, building blocks of
nucleic acids called?
● Nucleotides
24. Name and describe the shape of the DNA
molecule.
• Double helix = spiral staircase, twisted
ladder, corkscrew
25. What is a particular section, which code for
a protein molecule, called in a DNA molecule?
● Gene
26. Describe the function of DNA.
Information Carrier - the genetic blueprint for
the life of an organism