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Transcript
DNA REVIEW for TEST – Lookabaugh preAP Biology Things to study: 12.1 History and Structure of DNA Explain how the following are important to the discovery of DNA: 1. Griffith experiment- Explain this experiment and what was the significance to the discovery of DNA. 2. Hershey Chase Experiment Explain this experiment and its significance. 3. Chargaff’s Rule( You will be given the % of the bases of DNA in one strand and must be able to determine the % of bases in the double strand. 4. Watson and Crick-Explain their contribution to the discovery of DNA. 5. Explain the structure of DNA.(What is a nucleotide?) 12.2 DNA Replication 1. List the steps in DNA Replication including all the following: DNA Polymerase Helicase Ligase Primase Primer Okazaki Fragment Leading Strand Lagging Strand 5’-3’ 2. What does the term semi-conservative mean in relation to DNA replication? 12.3 Protein Synthesis 1. What is the Central Dogma relating to DNA? 2. Proteins are made in two major processes, Transcription and Translation. 3. Explain the steps of Transcription. Make sure to use the terms: nucleus, RNA Polymerase, Intron, Exon, cap and PolyA tail, mRNA, codon 4. Explain the steps of Translation. Make sure to use the terms: cytoplasm, ribosome, rRNA, mRNA, tRNA, codon, anticodon, amino acid, polypeptide chain, protein. 12.4 Mutations 1. Explain and give examples of the following mutations. (you will be given examples of mutations in DNA sequences and must identify the TYPE of mutation.) Which are the most serious? a. point mutations b. substitutions – missense, silent, nonsense c. frameshift mutations – deletions, insertions DNA REVIEW for TEST – Lookabaugh preAP Biology Things to study: 12.1 History and Structure of DNA Explain how the following are important to the discovery of DNA: 1. Griffith experiment- Explain this experiment and what was the significance to the discovery of DNA. 2. Hershey Chase Experiment Explain this experiment and its significance. 3. Chargaff’s Rule( You will be given the % of the bases of DNA in one strand and must be able to determine the % of bases in the double strand. 4. Watson and Crick-Explain their contribution to the discovery of DNA. 5. Explain the structure of DNA.(What is a nucleotide?) 12.2 DNA Replication 1. List the steps in DNA Replication including all the following: DNA Polymerase Helicase Ligase Primase Primer Okazaki Fragment Leading Strand Lagging Strand 5’-3’ 2. What does the term semi-conservative mean in relation to DNA replication? 12.3 Protein Synthesis 1. What is the Central Dogma relating to DNA? 2. Proteins are made in two major processes, Transcription and Translation. 3. Explain the steps of Transcription. Make sure to use the terms: nucleus, RNA Polymerase, Intron, Exon, cap and PolyA tail, mRNA, codon 4. Explain the steps of Translation. Make sure to use the terms: cytoplasm, ribosome, rRNA, mRNA, tRNA, codon, anticodon, amino acid, polypeptide chain, protein. 12.4 Mutations 1. Explain and give examples of the following mutations. (you will be given examples of mutations in DNA sequences and must identify the TYPE of mutation.) Which are the most serious? a. point mutations b. substitutions – missense, silent, nonsense c. frameshift mutations – deletions, insertions
