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What Are Proteins and Why Are They Important?
Name:
Proteins and Amino Acids
Review Biological Molecules Video:
Building blocks of proteins are saccharides, fatty acids, nucleotides, amino acids (Circle one)
There are ___20___ amino acids
Place an A at the central carbon, a B at the hydrogen on its off side, a C at the carboxyl group, a D at the
amino group. What is the large “body” w/its many boxed atoms, representing?
A-single carbon, B-side H, C bottom black/red, d top blue/white…big yellow Side
chain…side carbon chain(R-group)
What makes on amino acid different from another?
Unique carbon side chain (R-group_
What might be some of the different properties exhibited by
these different R-groups?
Hydrophilic, hydrophobic, charged…
The amino acids build the proteins that are part of the
__enzymes__ that allow for chemical reactions (usually
breakdown).
All proteins consist of some combination of _____20_____ unique amino acids.
(p. 182)
If an AA chain contains fewer than 50 AA’s linked together, it is call a __peptide (protein)__
Two joined AA’s form a ____dipeptide_____
__3 AA’s___form a tripeptide
A ____poly_peptide is more than 10 AA’s joined together.
Proteins typically contain between ____100___ and 10,000 AA’s joined in sequence
Each AA contains a central ____Carbon_______ surrounded by a carboxylic ___acid__ group, an
__amine___ group (containing Nitrogen), a hydrogen atom and a unique side chain, sometimes
referred to as an ___R___-group (think video)
Peptide bonds and side chains determine protein’s shape and function.
There are _____9____ amino acids that your body cannot make. These are called ___essential___
Nutrition & the Human Body-Chapter 6-Proteins and Amino Acids
3/13/14
What Are Proteins and Why Are They Important?
Name:
____amino ___ ___acids____.
The remaining 11 are __non_essential AA’s because they can be created in your body.
*Conditionally essential amino acids
 Under certain conditions, some nonessential amino acids cannot be made
in body
Proteins can be ____denatured (changed)(damaged)(folded)___ by heats, acids, salts, or
___mechanic___ agitation.
Denaturation changes the shape of the protein but does not affect the sequence of AA’s in the
protein.
Any change in the _____Shape_____ of a protein will alter its ____function_____.
The Take-Home Message An amino acid is made up of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, a
nitrogen-containing amino group, and a unique side chain. There are 20 side chains and so 20
unique amino acids. Whereas all 20 amino acids are needed to make protein, 11 of these can
be synthesized in your body and are thus nonessential. The remaining nine amino acids are
the essential amino acids that your body cannot synthesize. Essential amino acids must be
obtained in your diet. Amino acids are joined together by peptide bonds to creat proteins.
The attractions and interactions between the side chains cause the protein to fold into a
Nutrition & the Human Body-Chapter 6-Proteins and Amino Acids
3/13/14
What Are Proteins and Why Are They Important?
Name:
precise three-dimensional shape. The protein’s shape determines its function, Heat, acids,
bases (pH), and salts can break or denature, a protein and alter its shape and function.
Nutrition & the Human Body-Chapter 6-Proteins and Amino Acids
3/13/14