Download DNA, mRNA, and Protein Synthesis What is DNA?

DNA, mRNA, and
Protein Synthesis
What is DNA?

DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic acid

Functions:


Store and transmit genetic info
Contains the blueprint for making proteins
Location and Structure of DNA

Location:


Nucleus
Structure:

Double stranded, often called double
helix

Composed of three part nucleotides:


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Deoxyribose (sugar)
Phosphate (PO4)
Nitrogen base (1 of 4):




Adenine (A)
Thymine (T)
Cytosine (C)
Guanine (G)
Base Pairing Rule
Making Proteins

DNA contains the instructions for building
proteins

Proteins are made at the ribosomes

DNA cannot leave the nucleus

How does DNA’s information get to the
ribosome?
Cell
DNA
Transcription
Translation
mRNA
Ribosome
Polypeptide
(protein)
©1998 Timothy G. Standish
Messenger RNA (mRNA)

Structure

Ribonucleic acid:


Single stranded
Nucleotides composed of:



Ribose (sugar)
Phosphate
Nitrogen bases:

Adenine (A)

Guanine (G)

Cytosine (C)

Uracil (U)
How does mRNA get DNA’s
information to the ribosome?

Process called Transcription: mRNA is made from
a strand of DNA

Location:


nucleus
mRNA leaves the nucleus and takes the information
to the RIBOSOME where a protein will be made
Transcription
What happens when mRNA reaches
the ribosome? TRANSLATION
Genetic Code-language of
mRNA

mRNA is read in 3 part sequences called a codon
(64 total)

Every 3 part sequence codes for an amino acid

Proteins are determined by the order in which amino
acids are joined together

There are 20 different amino acids which can
combine to form many different proteins