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Transcript
The Evolutionary History of Biodiversity Concept 2: Analyzing the diversity of bacteria, archaea, protists, and fungi (Ch 26, 27, 28, 31) Bacteria and Archaea You must know: o The key ways in which prokaryotes differ from eukaryotes with respect to genome, membranebound organelles, size, and reproduction. o Mechanisms that contribute to genetic diversity in prokaryotes, including transformation, conjugation, transduction, and mutation. Refer to pg 174-176 in Holtzclaw, Ch 27 in Campbell and media resources The Prokaryote Cell Wall contains peptidoglycans - Gram-positive (simple) - Gram-negative (complex) …plus circular plasmids …or cilia Try This! Prokaryotes verses Eukaryotes Prokaryotes Genome Membrane-Bound Organelles Size Reproduction Eukaryotes Try This! Prokaryotes verses Eukaryotes Prokaryotes Eukaryotes Genome DNA is circular, with additional circular plasmids DNA is not circular and associated with many proteins Membrane-Bound Organelles No true nuclei or Nuclei and internal membrane-bound compartmentalization organelles such as ER, Golgi, etc Size 1-5 µm Reproduction Asexual: Binary fission Sexual or asexual 10-50 µm The Prokaryotes: Bacteria and Archaea The size of things Flagella The Prokaryotes: Bacteria and Archaea What is the difference between these two domains? Refer to p. 173 Holtzclaw “A Comparison of the three domains of Life” The Prokaryotes: Bacteria and Archaea What is the difference? “A Comparison of the three domains of Life” Characteristic Nuclear Envelope Membraneenclosed Organelles Introns Histone proteins associated with DNA Circular Chromosome Bacteria Archaea Eukarya The Prokaryotes: Bacteria and Archaea What is the difference? “A Comparison of the three domains of Life” Characteristic Bacteria Archaea Eukarya Nuclear Envelope NO NO YES Membraneenclosed Organelles NO NO YES Introns NO YES YES Histone proteins associated with DNA NO YES YES Circular Chromosome YES YES NO Genetic Diversity in Prokaryotes Asexual Reproduction Binary Fission Need mechanisms to contribute to genetic diversity WHY? Mechanisms for Genetic Diversity Mutation (with rapid reproduction) Transformation Conjugation Transduction Mutation (with Rapid Reproduction) Transformation Conjugation Transduction Viruses Metabolic Diversity Photoautotrophs Chemoautotrophs Photoheterotrophs Chemioheterotrophs Obligate aerobes Obligate anaerobes Facultative anaerobes Nitrogen Fixation Extremophiles Extreme halophiles Extreme thermophiles AP Themes Chemical Recycling – Decomposers Ecological Interactions – Symbiosis Mutualism Bioremediation Your intestinal bacteria Production of cheese, etc Deep-sea vents Commensalism Parasitism Pathogenic Antibiotics Let’s Investigate!
