Download Ch. 18 Notes Atoms and Elements

Ch. 6 Notes
Atoms and Elements
Headings: YELLOW
Vocabulary: GREEN
Important Stuff: PINK
Atomic #
The number of
protons
Determines the
type of element
Can only be
changed with
extremely high
energy
Atomic Mass
The total number of
protons and neutrons
P + N = mass OF THE ATOM
Isotopes
Atoms of the same element with a
DIFFERENT # OF NEUTRONS!
The protons and electrons haven’t changed
Electrons
Neutral atoms
P = E
Electrons are constantly
Bohr Model
moving
They move in an electron
cloud
Electron cloud: the
2eentire space that
electrons occupy
8eThe electron cloud is
Up to 18esubdivided into smaller
regions CALLED
Up to 32eORBITALS
Bohr Models are used to
Draw this in your notes!
show the location of
electrons in the atom
Atoms
Building Blocks of ALL Matter (ATOMS)!
IF YOU TRY TO BREAK IT APART YOU NO
LONGER HAVE A RECOGNIZABLE SUBSTANCE,
INSTEAD YOU GET…
SUBATOMIC PARTICLES IN THE ATOM
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Protons: POSITIVE CHARGE; IN NUCLEUS
Neutrons: NO CHARGE; IN NUCLEUS
Electrons: NEGATIVE CHARGE; IN ELECTRON
CLOUD SURROUNDING THE NUCLEUS
Subatomic Particle FACTS
Have mass
Protons and neutron
have about the same
mass
Electrons have MUCH
less mass.
Most of the atom is
empty space
What is the overall
charge of the
nucleus?
John Dalton
Came up with the
ATOMIC THEORY



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Elements made of
atoms
All atoms for one
element are the
same
Atoms of different
element are
different
Compounds formed
when atoms combine
The atom model
Has changed over time
Dalton-thought atoms were tiny hard spheres.
Thompson-discovered the electron
Rutherford-added the nucleus to the model
Bohr-electrons move in a fixed orbit around
the nucleus
Schrodinger-electron cloud
Create a timeline & illustrate each inventor’s contribution
to the model to show how it has changed over time!
Carbon Isotopes
12
6
C
13
6
C
Isotope Notation
14 C
6
Periodic Table
List all known elements
All periodic tables are a little different
Can tell us the mass, # of p, n, e, state of matter,
symbol, # of outer electrons
Groups: some elements act like other elements; they
were placed in groups