Download Enzymatic

Enzymatic
http://www.biomanbio.com/GamesandLabs/LifeChemgames/Enzymatic.html
Background
1. Why are enzymes important in Biology?
What are Enzymes?
2. What are enzymes and what do they do?
3. What must all living things do in order to survive?
4. What is metabolism?
5. What are two of the most important types of chemical reactions?
6. What is hydrolysis?
7. What are polymers?
8. What are monomers?
9. When enzymes break down foods during digestion, what process allows this to occur?
10. What is dehydration synthesis?
11. When does dehydration synthesis happen in your cells?
Play the Game (see if you can get yellow guy to other side before the snake gets him)
Mini Quiz: What are enzymes?
12. What type of molecule are enzymes?
A. Nucleic acids
B. Proteins
C. Lipids
D. Carbohydrates
13. What do enzymes do?
A. Have no effect on chemical reactions
B. Slow down (inhibit) chemical reactions
C. Speed up (catalyze) chemical reactions
D. Are essentially useless
14. The chemical reactions done by living organisms are known as________________.
A. Biomagnification B. Metabolism C. Chemiosmosis D. Eutrophication
15. Are enzymes needed for metabolism?
A. Yes
B. No
C. Maybe so D. All of the these
16. What types of reactions are catalyzed by enzymes?
A. Other types of reactions
B. Dehydration Synthesis (Condensation)
C. Hydrolysis
D. All of these
17. Proteins are made of building blocks called amino acids. Based on this fact, what are
enzymes made of?
A. Sugars
B. Nucleic acids
C. Amino acids D. Lipids
18. What type of reaction is shown in the animation below?
A. Hydrolysis
B. Dehydration Synthesis (Condensation)
C. Reduction
D. Oxidation
19. What type of reaction is show in the animation below?
A. Hydrolysis
B. Dehydration Synthesis (Condensation)
C. Reduction
D. Oxidation
Specificity
20. Why can each enzyme only catalyze a very specific chemical reaction?
21. What does each enzyme have?
22. What fits into each active site?
23. What happens when the substrate enters the active site?
24. What is the end result of the chemical reaction?
Play the Game (see if you can match the substrates with the specific enzymes)
Mini Quiz: Enzyme Specificity
25. What region is the arrow pointing at in the enzyme?
26. What substance is the arrow pointing at which will enter the active site?
27. What protein is the arrow pointing at which catalyzes chemical reactions?
28. What is the result at the end of a chemical reaction?
29. We say that enzymes are specific. What does this mean?
A. They are used up and broken down during chemical reactions
B. They will be able to react with any substrate it encounters because it is able to change its
active site to fit any substance
C. The shape of the enzyme’s active site will only catalyze a reaction with a specific
substrate or substrates
D. None of these
30. What is the most important factor in determining the specificity of an enzyme?
A. Enzyme and substrate shape
B. Enzyme and substrate color
C. Product color and shape
D. All of these
Experiments
31. What three factors affect how enzymes catalyze chemical reactions?
32. What happens to the enzyme when the temperature gets too hot?
33. What is the result of an enzyme becoming denatured?
34. What is the optimum temperature for the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction?
35. Based off of your observations, which of the following statements would be true?
i.
Substrates (molecules) move faster at higher temperatures.
ii.
Faster moving substrates collide with the enzyme more, causing the reaction rate
to increase until the optimal temperature is reached
iii.
Hotter temperatures always result in faster reaction rates.
A. i and ii only
B. ii and iii only
C. i only
D. i, ii and iii
36. What is the optimal temperature for the enzyme show below?
A. 50 degrees Celsius
B. 20 degrees Celsius
C. 40 degrees Celsius
D. 10 degrees Celsius
37. Why does the reaction rate slow down drastically when the temperature is too high?
A. The enzyme and substrate get stuck together and cannot separate, resulting in a slower
reaction.
B. The substrates are moving too fast for the enzymes
C. The enzyme loses its color and attractiveness, rendering it useless
D. The enzyme loses its shape(denatures) and can no longer effectively catalyze the
reaction.
38. Based off of your observations of the enzyme shown, which of the following is true?
A. The denaturation of this enzyme by heat is irreversible. In other words, lowering the
temperature DOES NOT fix the enzyme’s shape.
B. The denaturation of this enzyme by heat is reversible. In other words, lowering the
temperature DOES fix the enzyme’s shape.
The denaturation of the enzyme DOES NOT affect the enzyme’s function.
The denaturation of the enzyme is necessary in order for the enzyme to work properly.
What does the pH scale measure?
What happens to the enzyme if the pH level becomes to high?
Based off of your observations, which of the following statements would be true?
Substrates move faster at higher pH levels.
There is an optimal pH level at which the enzyme works best. Above or below the
optimal pH, the enzyme becomes less effective.
iii.
The enzyme denatures (loses its shape) at pH levels that are too high or too low.
A. i and iii only B. ii and iii only
C. i only
D. i, ii, and iii
42. What is the optimal pH for the enzyme shown below?
A. 7
B. 9
C. 8
D. 10
43. Based off of your observations of the enzyme shown, which of the following is true?
A. The denaturation of the enzyme DOES NOT affect the enzyme’s function.
B. The denaturation of this enzyme by pH changes is irreversible. In other words, restoring the
pH to an optimal level DOES NOT fix the enzyme’s shape.
C. The denaturation of this enzyme by pH changes is reversible. In other words, restoring the pH
to an optimal level DOES fix the enzyme’s shape.
D. The denaturation of the enzyme is necessary in order for the enzyme to work properly.
44. Pepsin is an enzyme found in your stomach. This is a very acidic environment! Which of the
following would be the most reasonable inference for the optimal pH of pepsin?
A. 7
B. 2
C. 10
D. 14
45. What does substrate concentration refers to?
46. What does a higher substrate concentration mean?
47. What does a lower substrate concentration mean?
48. Based on your observations, how does substrate concentration affect enzyme activity?
i. There is more enzyme activity at higher substrate concentrations due to more collisions
between enzyme and substrate, until a maximum reaction rate is reached.
ii. Once the maximum reaction rate for the enzyme is reached, the reaction rate levels off.
iii. The reaction rate will always increase if substrate concentration is increased.
A. ii and iii only
B. i, ii and iii
C. i and iii only D. i and ii only
49. How is enzyme activity at varying substrate concentrations different from enzyme activity at
varying temperatures or pH levels?
i. The graph for substrate concentration shows the rate leveling off when substrate concentration
is high, instead of declining when not in the optimal range.
ii. When increasing substrate concentration, it is apparent that the enzyme denatures but that is
not seen when increasing temperature of pH.
iii. Changes in substrate concentration do not cause the enzyme to denature, but changes in
temperature and pH may cause the enzyme to denature.
A. i and iii only
B. i, ii and iii
C. iii only
D. i and iii only
50. Was your hypothesis on the relationship between substrate concentration and enzyme activity
supported?
A. Yes, it is completely supported.
B. It was partially supported.
C. It was not supported at all.
D. I did not make a hypothesis. (If this is your answer, go back using the arrow at the top left
corner and make one.)
C.
D.
39.
40.
41.
i.
ii.
Play the Game (Place the optimal values to run the Enzymatic Machine)