Download Microbial Biotechnology Commercial Production of - ASAB-NUST

LECTURE 11:
Microbial Biotechnology
Commercial Production of Microorganism
Biotechnology; 3 Credit hours
Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB)
National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST)
Commercial Production of
Microorganism
Biochemist define fermentation as anaerobic
process;
• That generate energy by the breakdown of the
organic compound
• The end product can be microbial metabolite;
• Lactic acid
• Enzyme
• Alcohol, ethanol, butanol and acetone
Commercial Production of
Microorganism
• Industrial users of fermentation have broadened
the definition to include;
1. Any process that produce bacteria or fungi as the
end product
2. Biotransformation; transformation by cells of a
compound added to the fermentation medium of a
commercially valuable compound
• In large scale fermentation metabolites, proteins,
carbohydrates and lipids are provided to enable
the propagation of microbial cell or biomass
Bioreactor (Fermenter)
• Aerobic or anaerobic bacteria are cultured
under controlled conditions in large chamber
called fermenter or bioreactor
Steps of Fermentation
1. Sterilization of fermenter and associated
equipment
2. Preparation and sterilization of the culture
medium
3. Preparation of the pure culture for
inoculation of the medium culture in the
fermenter vessel
4. Cell growth and synthesis of the desired
product under a specific set of conditions
Steps of Fermentation
5. Product extraction and purification or cell
collection
6. Disposal of expended medium and cell, and
cleaning of the bioreactor and equipment
Industrial Fermenter
• Fermentation technology is linked with the
improved productive performance of
microorganism by optimizing their growth
conditions
• Most of the organism used in fermentation are
aerobic; because aerobic metabolism is more
efficient than anaerobic metabolism
• Beside requiring oxygen for rapid growth they
need a consistent pH in growth medium,
temperature conditions, a supply of nutrients and
an antifoaming agent
Fermenter types
• Stirred Tank Reactor
– It relies on an agitator to circulate oxygen
• Airlift Fermenter
– It supplies oxygen to the culture through an intake
valve in the bottom of the culture vessel
Continuous Fermenter
• In continuous fermentation, nutrients are fed
into the fermenter while an equal volume of
the products, cells and medium is collected
Continuous Fermenter
• It allow continuous culture growth to be
maintained for long time
• This method is more suitable for obtaining
compound that are produced proportionally
to cell growth, such as primary metabolite i.e.
vitamin, enzyme etc.
• It also suitable for waste water treatment or
degrading organic compound
Batch Culturing or Fermentation
• Cells, products and medium are collected after
the fermentation process has been terminated
• This method is preferred when synthesis of
the products does not depend on the amount
of cell biomass
Solid Substrate Fermentation
• Microorganism are grown on solid substrate
that are not submerged in liquid media
• Oxygen is more readily available to the cell as
they are direct in contact with it
• Product recovery is much easy in this
procedure
corn-soybean meal based diets
By Solid substrate fermenter for animals
Single Cell Protein
• A monoculture of algal, bacterial or fungal cell
has a protein content that is 70-80% of its dry
weight
• When such culture are grown in large volume for
use as human or live stock feed supplements, it is
called single cell protein
• SCP is rich in nutrients as minerals, vitamins,
carbohydrates, lipids as well essential amino acids
like lysine and methionine which are absent in
plant protein
Single Cell Protein
• SCP is produced by using inexpensive substrate to
supply nitrogen and carbon
• For example carbohydrate containing raw
materials, waste from cheese production and
pulp mils
• SCP may contain toxic compound
• Nucleic acid, hepatoxins, heavy metals absorbed
from the substrate
• Effective research is needed to remove these
toxic compound from SCP