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Time for “The Bellringer Board” 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 15 15 15 15 15 16 16 16 GOAL EARTH’S WATERS •What specifically will you do to understand the material for the first assessment? •What grade do you want to get on the first assessment? Question #1 In what form is most of Earth’s fresh water found? Answer: Ice Question #2 The surface of Earth is mostly covered by A. Solid rock B. Ice C. Molten rock D. Water Answer: D. Water Question #3 The cross section below shows sedimentary bedrock along the shore of a lake. Which part of the cross section belongs to Earth’s hydrosphere? Answer: The lake Question #4 The diagram shows a dam and an electric power plant built next to a river. The power plant uses the water from the dam to generate electricity. What type of power is produced by this type of power plant? hydroelectric What is one negative impact of this power plant on the environment? It can destroy wildlife habitats. Question #5 The diagram below shows water in a graduated cylinder. A student states that the graduated cylinder contains 150 mL of water. This statement is a. a prediction b. an observation c. a theory d. a hypothesis Question #6 The diagram below shows wind turbines that are used to produce electricity. Describe one advantage (other than cost) of using wind turbines rather than burning fossil fuels to produce electricity. Wind power is clean. It does not create pollution. Question #7 The diagram below shows wind turbines that are used to produce electricity. Describe one disadvantage (other than cost) of using wind turbines rather than burning fossil fuels to produce electricity. Wind turbines do not produce enough power to fulfill the energy needs of a country. Question #8 What is a disadvantage of using moving water to produce electricity? a. Power is produced inexpensively. b. Oil spills may occur. c. The local ecosystem may be disrupted. d. Air pollution is produced. Question # 9 What atoms makes up a water molecule? 2 hydrogen atoms + 1 oxygen Question # 10 Which of the following represents water molecules in a solid state? A. B. C. D. Question #11 Figure A shows a beaker containing water, sand, and salt. The salt is totally dissolved in the water. Identify the soluble material, insoluble material, and solvent in the beaker. Salt Soluble ________________ Insoluble _______________ Sand Solvent _______________ Water Question #12 Which graph best represents the relative distance between the particles of most substances in their solid, liquid, and gas states? Question #13 If the mass of an object is greater than its volume, will the object sink or float? Answer: Sink • What specifically will you do to understand the material for the next assessment? • What grade do you want to get on the next assessment? Question #14 Name the process in which liquid water changes to water vapor. Answer: Evaporation Question #15 In the picture to the right, why have water droplets formed on the outside of the glass? a. The water vapor outside of the glass has condensed. b. The water has splashed out of the glass. c. The water is evaporating. d. The ice has melted. Question #16 Water at 200 C in an uncovered pan is evaporating very slowly. What could be done to the water to make it evaporate more quickly? A.Cover it. B.Heat it. C.Place it in the dark. D.Put salt in it. Answer: B. Heat it. Question #17 The diagram below shows a material being cycled between the living and nonliving environments. Which material is being cycled? A.Nitrogen B.Oxygen C.Water D.Carbon dioxide Answer: C. Water The diagram shows anQuestion activity performed by a student in a classroom. #18 Which process is occurring at Pan A? Evaporation Which three processes are occurring at Pan B? Melting Condensation Precipitation Question #19 Which process must occur for clouds to form? a. b. c. d. dissolving precipitation melting condensation Question #20 Condensation Evaporation Runoff Precipitation What process is represented by each letter in the picture to the left? Question #21 Why will the level of the muddy water decrease slightly if the model is left in a sunny location for several days? The water will evaporate. What water cycle process is represented by the drops of clean water falling into the Precipitation glass? Question #22 What proves that the ice in the glass has a lower density than water? a. b. c. d. There is condensation on the glass. The ice is melting. The ice is floating. The water is evaporating. Question #23 Answer: A Which statement is best supported by the diagram above? a. Drinking water can become polluted from sources that we may not think about. b. Chemicals applied by farmers lower the level of pollution in drinking water. c. Toxic waste is safe buried below the level of the basements of nearby homes. d. Human activities do not affect groundwater. Question #24 The diagram below shows a tall beaker with four different liquids and their densities. If a ball that has a density of 1.13 g/cm3 is placed in the beaker, where will the ball come to rest? a. b. c. d. On top of liquid A Between liquids B and C Between liquids C and D On the bottom of the beaker Question #25 Which sentence is NOT true about water pollution? a. Only farms and factories cause water pollution. b. Human activity is the cause of most ocean pollution. c. Weather can be a cause of water pollution. d. Oil spills cause water pollution. Question #26 The thin layer of water that covers most of Earth’s surface is called the A. atmosphere B. hemisphere C. lithosphere D. hydrosphere Answer: D. hydrosphere Question #27 Which graph correctly shows the effect of heat energy on the motion of molecules of matter? GOAL INSIDE EARTH •What specifically will you do to understand the material for the next assessment? •What grade do you want to get on the next assessment? Question #28 Studies of earthquake waves have helped scientists determine the a. structure of Earth’s interior. b. depth of the ocean. c. cause of dinosaur extinction. d. age of Earth. Question #29 List the four main layers of the earth from the outside to the inside. Answer: Crust, Mantle, Outer Core, Inner Core Question #30 What layer of the earth is made up of the crust and upper part of the mantle? Answer: Lithosphere Question #31 Which layer of Earth is most dense? Answer: Inner core Question #32 Convection currents, which may be the driving force for the movement of lithospheric plates, are mostly found in Earth’s a. crust b. outer core c. plastic mantle d. inner core Question #36 Many scientists believe that crustal plate movement occurs because of convection cells contained in Earth’s a. crust c. outer core b. mantle d. inner core Question #37 How does the temperature of Earth’s crust compare to the temperature of Earth’s interior? Answer: The interior of the Earth is hotter than Earth’s crust. As you travel from the crust to the core, temperature increases. Question #38 Which type of heat transfer is indicated by the arrows in the beaker? (1) conduction (3) radiation (2) convection (4) condensation Question #39 What type of heat transfer allows the metal bar to heat the water in Cup B? Answer: Conduction GOAL INSIDE EARTH •What specifically will you do to understand the material for the next assessment? •What grade do you want to get on the next assessment? Question #34 What is Pangaea? Answer: The name of the landmass in the theory that all the continents were joined at one time. Question #33 What is the name of the theory that suggests the continents were at one time connected but have slowly moved over the earth’s surface? Answer: Continental Drift Question #35 List the 3 evidences for continental drift as proposed by Wegener. Answer: landforms, fossils, and climate change Question #40 What is the process by which new material is added to the ocean floor? Answer: Sea-Floor Spreading Question #41 Name two geologic features or events that might result from the movement of crustal plates. Possible Answers: earthquakes, rising magma, volcanoes, faulting, mountains, trenches, plate movement, new land forms from magma/lava, ocean ridge, tsunami, island Question #42 Label the letters in the diagram. A- Mid ocean ridge B- Sea floor spreading C- Deep ocean trench/Subduction Zone Question #43 Why does the process at letter C occur in the way shown? Answer: The more dense oceanic crust sinks beneath the less dense continental crust. Question #44 What theory is used to explain how crustal plates move? (1) The theory of plate tectonics (2) The theory of convection currents (3) The theory of Pangaea (4) The theory of continental drift Question #45 Identify each type of boundary represented by the arrows. A. B. C. Convergent Boundary Transform Boundary Divergent Boundary Question #46 Which evidence best supports the idea that the landmasses on Earth were once in these positions? 1. North America and India have matching mountain chains. 2.Madagascar and India have similar shapes 3.Matching rock layers can be found in Africa and South America. 4.Bedrock in Australia and Greenland have glacier scratches. Question #47 How does the thickness of Earth’s oceanic crust compare to the thickness of the continental crust? Answer: The oceanic crust is thinner than the continental crust. GOAL INSIDE EARTH •What specifically will you do to understand the material for the next assessment? •What grade do you want to get on the next assessment? Question #48 What is caused by the movement of rock beneath Earth’s surface and causes shaking and trembling? Answer: An earthquake Question #49 How many basic layers make up the interior of the Earth? What are they? Answer: 3 (Crust, Mantle, and Core) Question #50 What do the arrows on either side of the fault in the diagram represent? Answer: the movement of tectonic plates Question #51 Most of Earth’s major earthquakes are caused by a. seasonal heating and cooling of Earth’s surface b. weathering of rock at Earth’s surface c. earth’s gravitational attraction to the Moon d. faulting of rock in Earth’s crust Question #52 What is the point beneath Earth’s surface where the rock breaks under stress and triggers an earthquake called? Answer: the focus What is the point on Earth’s surface directly above the break in the rock that causes an earthquake called? Answer: the epicenter Question #53 Name the three scales that are used to measure earthquakes. Circle the scale that is most often used to measure earthquakes. Mercalli scale Richter scale Moment Magnitude Scale Question #54 The darker shading on the map shows the most active earthquake areas. The most active earthquake areas are associated with the boundaries of lithospheric plates. Explain what Possible Answers: The plates collide; The happens to the lithospheric plates at these boundaries plates slide by each other; The plates that causes an earthquake. move; Faulting; The plates separate. Question #55 The darker shading on the map shows the most active earthquake areas. Identify one geologic event, other than an Acceptable Answers: volcanoes, volcanic earthquake, subduction, that may alsorifting, occur in tsunamis, the darker eruptions, areas on the map. flooding, mountain shaded formation, trenches, and faulting. Question #56 How many seismographs in different locations are needed to locate the epicenter of an earthquake? three five ten two One Question #57 What are the three types of heat transfer? Answer: Convection, Radiation, Conduction GOAL REFLECTION INSIDE EARTH •Go back to the goal you set at the beginning of this unit. Did you meet your goal? •Did you follow your plan, or do you need a better plan for your next goal? Today’s Bellringer Answer the following questions on an index card, not in your Bellringer Book. You do NOT need to copy the questions, but please answer in complete sentences. 1. What is the most interesting thing you have learned or encountered in completing your Science Fair Project? 2. What is the biggest challenge you have faced in completing your Science Fair Project? Goal: Rocks, Minerals, & Earth’s Changing Surface What specifically will you do to understand the material for the next assessment? What grade do you want to get on the next assessment? Question #58 List three of the five properties of a mineral. Formed by natural processes Inorganic Solid Crystal structure Definite chemical composition Question #58 ½ What characteristics of minerals do you think can be tested to identify a mineral? Color Streak Luster Density Hardness Reaction to Acid Cleavage Fracture Question #59 List three words that can be used to describe the luster of a mineral. Metallic Greasy/Oily Pearly Milky Waxy Shiny Dull/Earthy Match the following: 1. Perform a scratch A. Color C. test ._____ B. Luster 2. Observe how a mineral reflects C. Hardness B. light. _____ 3. Observe the surface of the mineral ._____ A. Question #61 Which physical property is used to identify a mineral based on its resistance to being scratched? A. hardness B. density C. color D. streak Question #62 The diagram below shows a method for determining a physical property of a mineral. The results are shown for two minerals, galena and calcite. Which property of the galena and calcite is indicated by the color of the powder each leaves on the ceramic tile? A. Reaction to a solvent B. Hardness C. Reaction to acid D. Streak Question #63 Which information would probably be most helpful to someone trying to identify a mineral sample? A. location and mass of the sample B. shape and texture of the sample C. hardness and streak of the sample D. color and size of the sample The data table below shows two physical properties of the minerals quartz and amphibole (hornblende). Which physical property from the table can be used to distinguish, or tell the difference between, quartz from amphibole? What procedure can be used to test this property? To test the streak of a mineral, you rub the mineral on a tile and observe the color of the powder left behind. Question #65 The diagram below shows a penny scratching the surface of the mineral calcite. Which physical property of the calcite is being tested? A. Melting point B. Hardness C. Reaction to acid D. Streak True or False? To identify a rock, you can use all the same tests that are used to identify a mineral. Answer: False The grains in rocks give rocks their texture. What are two characteristics of grains that effect the texture and help us to identify rocks? Answer: size and shape All rocks are composed of A. Fossils B. Minerals C. Cells D. Metals Answer: B. Minerals Name the three types of rocks and explain how each are formed. Answer: Igneous-Magma or lava hardening, Metamorphicheat and pressure, Sedimentary-pressed and cemented together. Explain the difference between weathering and erosion. Weathering is the breaking down of materials on Earth’s surface and erosion is the carrying away of those materials. List 3 forces that cause mechanical weathering. Freezing and Thawing Plant Growth Animal Actions Release of Pressure Abrasion What is the difference between mechanical and chemical weathering? Mechanical weathering does not change the rock’s makeup. Chemical weathering changes the composition of rocks. Which statement best explains why this process results in weathering? A. Water expands as it freezes. B. Frozen water dissolves most types of rocks. C. Frozen water acts as a solute. D. The mass of water increases when it freezes. Which process is mostly responsible for the breaking down of the rock cliff into sand-sized sediment? Answer: weathering The diagram below shows tilted rock layers. The dashed lines represent missing parts of the rock layers. Which process is most likely responsible for the removal of the missing parts of the rock layers? Answer: A.Erosion A. Erosion B.Earthquakes C.Deposition D.Faulting Four identical sand castles are shown below. Which sand castle will most likely be eroded fastest by the wind? What force of mechanical weathering will cause a rock traveling downstream to go from to ? Answer: Abrasion Goal: Rocks, Minerals, & Earth’s Changing Surface What specifically will you do to understand the material for the next assessment? What grade do you want to get on the next assessment? Match each type of rock with the method in which it forms. Metamorphic Rock Cooling of magma or lava Igneous Rock Heat and Pressure Sedimentary Rock Particles pressed together Rocks are classified as igneous, metamorphic, or sedimentary according to A. B. C. D. their shape their color the minerals they contain how they formed Fill in the missing terms in the diagram. Formation of Sedimentary Rock Cementation B. Compaction A. Erosion Deposition Type of Match the following: Rate of Igneous Texture Cooling Rock Intrusive Rock Cools Quickly Rough-Large Grains Extrusive Rock Cools Slowly Smooth-Small Grains The diagram below shows a rock sample and an identification key. This rock sample would best be classified as A. B. C. D. Metamorphic Sedimentary Igneous Volcanic Evidence that living things have evolved over hundreds of years can be found in A. B. C. D. chemicals in human hair tree rings from recently cut trees rocks containing fossils particles in the air The cross section below shows fossils and the rock layers in which they are found. Crustal movement has not displaced the rock layers. Which fossil is considered the youngest in the cross section shown? A. B. C. D. Early horses Dinosaurs Armored fish Trilobites Name 4 forces that can cause erosion. Wind, Running Water, Glaciers, Waves, and Gravity Match each type of rock with the method in which it forms. Metamorphic Rock Particles pressed together Igneous Rock Heat and Pressure Sedimentary Rock Cooling of magma or lava Label the different types of rock. Igneous A. Sedimentary C. B. Metamorphic Fill in the blanks for the missing processes. Sedimentary Rock Igneous Rock C Metamorphic Rock Which two processes are most directly involved in the formation of sedimentary rocks in this diagram? Igneous Rock Sedimentar y Rock Metamorphic Rock What type of rock is created by melting and volcanic activity? Igneous Rock Sedimentar y Rock Metamorphic Rock QUESTION #91 Name at least one kind of map that shows the Earth’s landforms (like mountains). Physical Map or Topographic Map QUESTION #92 Name 2 things that topographic maps show that make them different from other types of maps. Elevation, Relief, and Slope QUESTION #93 What is the difference between an index contour and the contour interval? Index Contour-Every 5th line is marked with the elevation Contour Interval- the difference in elevation between the two contour lines QUESTION #94 1. What is the contour interval for this map? 2. What is the elevation of point X? 3. Which side of the island has the most gentle slope? 1. 20 m 2. 0 m 3. west QUESTION #94½ 1. What is the contour interval for this map? 2. What is a possible elevation of point b? 1. 20 m 2. 161-179 QUESTION #95 What is a possible elevation for point C? Answer: Any elevation between 81 and 89 feet What is the main force that causes mass movement? Answer: Gravity Which statement is an inference? A. A thermometer shows that the air temperature is 560F. B. A mineral sample of galena produced a grey-black streak when tested. C. Based on the previous data, ten hurricanes may occur in the year 2013. D. A weather vane indicates the wind is coming from the west. Goal: Astronomy What specifically will you do to understand the material for the next assessment? What grade do you want to get on the next assessment? Question #98 The diagram below shows four objects and their orbits around the Sun, as seen from space. Which statement is true about all of the objects shown in the diagram? A. They produce their own light. B. They belong to our solar system. C. They are composed mostly of gases. D. They are the same distance from the Sun. Question #99 The Sun appears larger than other stars because of its a. yellow color b. chemical composition c. high temperature d. distance from the earth Question #100 Name the planets, in order, from the closest to the Sun to furthest away. Question #101 Fill in the blanks: The sun appears to rise in east the ___________ and set in west the ___________. Question #102 The map below shows the four major time zones in the continental United States. If it is 9 a.m. in the Eastern Time Zone, what time is it in the Pacific Time Zone? 6 a.m. 7 a.m. 8 a.m. 9 a.m. Question #103 The diagram below represents one position of Earth in its orbit. Points A and B represent locations on Earth’s surface. Location A is experiencing daylight while location B is experiencing darkness. What Earth motion will bring location B into daylight in the next few hours? Answer: Rotation Question #104 The diagram shows Earth’s revolution around the Sun as viewed from space. Positions A, B, C, and D represent the beginning of each season on Earth. If Earth were at position D, how much time would it take to return to Answer: 1 year position D? (365 ¼ days) Question #105 The diagram below shows Earth at one point in its orbit around the Sun. The length of daylight experienced at different latitudes on a given date is shown on the diagram. Explain why the South Pole receives 24 hours of daylight on the date Answer: shown. Since the earth is tilted on its axis, the South Pole gets sunlight all day. Question #106 The diagram below shows Earth at one point in its orbit around the Sun. The length of daylight experienced at different latitudes on a given date is shown on the diagram. Answer: The number Describe how of hours of daylight the length day decrease asof you go changes from from the Equator the Equator to Pole. toward the North At the NorthPole Pole,on the North there is no shown. daylight on the date that date. Question #107 The diagram below shows four Moon phases observed during July. On which date would the next New Moon occur? August 28th or 29th Question #108 The photograph below shows a phase of the Moon as seen by an observer in New York State. Which phase is closest to what will be seen by the observer in New York State 1 month later? Question #109 Identify one observable event, other than the Moon’s phases, caused by the Moon orbiting Earth. Answer: An eclipse (solar or lunar) Question #110 1. Copy the diagram of the Earth below. 2. Draw and label the North and South Poles. 3. Shade the portion of Earth that would be experiencing nighttime at this time. North Pole South Pole Question #111 The longitude of a location determines which time zone it is in. We have different time zones because of which Earth movement? Answer: Earth’s rotation GOAL: WEATHER AND CLIMATE What specifically will you do to understand the material for the next assessment? What grade are you working for on the next assessment? QUESTION #112 In which jar will the candle continue burning the longest? A. B. QUESTION #113 What two gases is our atmosphere mostly made up of? Nitrogen -78% Oxygen -21% QUESTION #114 Give 2 of the 3 reasons that the atmosphere is important to Earth. 1. It provides the gases that living things need. 2. It traps heat energy from the sun. 3. It keeps rocks from outer space from hitting Earth. QUESTION #115 Which term refers to the atmospheric conditions that prevail from season to season and year to year at a certain location? A. Ecosystem B. Weather C. Equilibrium D. Climate QUESTION #116 Weather is the condition of Earth’s atmosphere A. in a particular season. B. over several years. C. after it rains. D. at a particular place and time. A barometer measures air pressure _______________________. A psychrometer (hygrometer) measures relative humidity _______________________. An anemometer measures wind speed _______________________. Earth’s weather is primarily caused by A. drifting of Earth’s crustal plates. B. uneven heating of Earth’s surface. C. gravitational attraction of the moon. D. changing distance between Earth and the Sun. Name the three main types of clouds. Cirrus Stratus Cumulus Match each weather instrument with the weather factor that it measures. 1.Anemometer A. air pressure 2.wind vane B. wind speed 3.psychrometer C. wind direction 4.barometer D. temperature 5.thermometer E. relative humidity Name the layers of the atmosphere from the ground up. • • • • Troposphere Stratosphere Mesosphere Thermosphere QUESTION #121 The map below shows an air mass that formed over the Gulf of Mexico at location A. Once air mass A reaches location B, the weather conditions at location B will most likely become a. warmer and drier b. colder and more humid c. warmer and more humid d. colder and drier QUESTION #122 The movement of an air mass over Earth’s surface causes a. b. c. d. local weather changes ecological succession global warming earthquake activity QUESTION #123 The map below shows the relative size and track of a certain weather event. Which weather event is shown on the map? a. Tornado b. Hurricane c. Blizzard d. Thunderstorm QUESTION #124 The fronts shown on the weather map are best described as a. areas experiencing clear skies with light winds b. boundaries between different air masses c. areas experiencing extremely warm air temperatures d. boundaries between different wind belts QUESTION #125 Which weather event usually includes heavy precipitation, strong winds, and surface temperatures below 0oC? Answer: Blizzard QUESTION #126 The map shows a low-pressure system centered over the central portion of the United States in mid-July. 1. What weather condition is most likely occurring at the fronts shown on this weather map? Possible answers: Precipitation, rain, cloudy skies, unstable weather, thunderstorms 2. In which compass direction will this lowpressure center most likely move? Possible answers: east, northeast, southeast QUESTION #127 The arrows in the diagram below show the circulation of air on a sunny day. The air circulation shown is caused by a. Both hot air and cool air rising b. both hot air and cool air sinking c. hot air rising and cool air sinking d. cool air rising and hot air sinking QUESTION #128 Why would city A have clear sky conditions? Answer: It is controlled by a high-pressure system. QUESTION #129 The numbered lines on the weather map connect locations with the same a. b. c. d. wind direction wind speed air temperature air pressure QUESTION #130 Weather forecasts are more accurate today than in the past due to A. B. C. D. Plate tectonics Air-quality control Use of images from space Global warming Most scientists agree that an increase in the amount of greenhouse gases entering Earth’s atmosphere causes A. B. C. D. A decrease in sea level A decrease in average surface temperatures An increase in melting of polar ice caps An increase in crustal plate Based on the chart, record the reading for each weather instrument below on this date? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Wind Vane Southeast Thermometer 34o F Anemometer 7 mph Barometer 29.88 in Psychrometer 81% At what temperature will water condense? 28o F What percentage of the atmosphere is filled with water vapor? 81% What would a barometer read on this day? 29.88 in. From what direction is the wind blowing? Southeast What is the difference between the actual temperature and the temperature that it feels? 8o F