Download Roman Republic

Roman Republic & Roman
Empire
Romulus & Remus
Birth of Rome (753 BCE)
The Early
Italian
Peninsula
Birth of the Republic
509 BCE
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Tarquinius Superbus
End of Monarchy
Patricians
Plebeians
Executive, Legislative & Judicial
Branches
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Consuls
Dictators
Magistrates
Praetors
Senate
Assembly
Tribune
Census
Pontifex Maximus
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Res publica
SPQR
Checks & Balances
Blend of monarchy,
democracy &
aristocracy
• Plebeians Gain Rights
(494-287 BCE)
• Twelve Tables (451BCE)
The Roman Forum
Temple of Antoninus & Faustina, Temple
of Divus Julius, Arch of Constantine,
House of Vestal, Temple of Castor &
Pollux
Circus Maximus
Ben Hur Chariot Scene
Roman
Expansion:
The Punic Wars
1st Punic War
(264-241 BCE)
• Cultural
Diffusion
• Added Corvis
for land-based
army!
2nd Punic War
(218-202 BCE)
• Carthage has trouble
paying indemnity
• Takes over Spanish
Silver Mines to help
• Saguntum (Carthage
City) asked Rome for
help…
• Enter Hannibal Barca
• Scipio Africanus?
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Punic War
(149-146 BCE)
Raized Carthage & Salt the Earth?
Carthago delenda est!
Roman Expansion Post Punic Wars
Societal Problems
Punic Wars
Gap Between Rich &
Poor
Soldiers
Can’t Rebuild
Farms, Shops,
Homes Razed
Proletariat
Riots, Discontent,
Reforms, Bread &
Circuses, Dole
Sell
Land/Farm
Gracchi Brothers & Land Reforms
Robin Hood of Rome?
• The wolves & the bears have dens to rest and
sleep. But the men who fight their country’s
battles have nothing…You fight and die only
for the wealth and luxury of others. You are
called the masters of the world, but you do not
have a single clod of earth to call your own!
~Tiberius Gracchus, Tribune Official
The 1st Triumvirate (60-53 BCE)
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Reasons for Coalition
Caesar: savy politician Veni, Vedi, Vici
Crassus: money, lots of money
Pompey: Senate & veterans adored him
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Gained Territory in Spain and Gaul
Political & Economic Reforms
Crassus’ defeat & death
Crossing the Rubicon: The Point of No Return;
The Die Is Now Cast
• Cleopatra’s & Ptolemy XIII’s Civil War
From Assassination to Civil War Video
Julius Caesar: The Dictator
Trade Routes
Via Appia
From Republic to Empire:
Augustus
I left Rome a city of marble, though I found it a city of
bricks!
Pax Romana (27 BCE-180 CE)
Pax Romana’s Achievements
Political
Economic
Social
• Internal Peace
• Minimal Power
Disputes
• Praetorian Guard
• Bureaucracy
• Civil Service Exam
• Expansionism
• Stoicism & Law:
men being equal
under the law;
right to face
accuser; innocent
until proven guilty
• Marcus Aurelius &
Meditations
• Standardized coins
• Denarius
• Subsidized Public
Projects
• Trading Network
• Protection by
Roman navy
• Roman Roads &
Silk Roads
• Latin & Greek
• Gender Roles &
marriage
• Breads & Circuses
• Diffusion of
Judaism &
Christianity
Innovations
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Concrete
Arches; aqueducts
Public Baths
Roman Forum
Pantheon
Coliseum
Roads , bridges,
harbors
Poetry & Epics
Aeneid-Virgil
Horace-Odes
Pliny, Tacitus, Livy
Silver Age
Art: realistic
instead of Greek
idealism
Galen-medical
encyc.
Coliseum
Inside the Coliseum
Inside the Coliseum
Pantheon
Pantheon’s Ocular
Pantheon
Interior by
Giovanni
Pannini
(18th c.)
Hadrian’s Wall
Roman Arch
Bridge in
Segovia
Segovia’s
Aqueduct
Trajan’s
Column
Diocletian’s Reforms & Tetrarchy
Arch of Constantine
Milvian Bridge
Things That Make You Say HMMM…
Pompeii
Pompeii: The Last Day
Civic Forum: Temple of Jupiter &
City Market
Mosaic Tiled
Floors
Fast Food
Storage Jars
Amphitheatre
Fresco
Necropolis
House in Herculaneum
Frescoes on Villa Walls