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Classifying Matter: Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures Classifying Matter Pure Substances A sample of matter in which every piece is exactly the same down to the molecular level Elements pure substance that cannot be separated into simpler substance AT ALL! Compounds Pure substance composed of two or more elements joined by chemical bonds. Made of elements in a specific ratio that is always the same Has a chemical formula Types of bonds There are two main types of bonds between atoms Ionic bond: Bond between two atoms that transfer electrons The bond between a metal and a non-metal Creates ions (charged atoms) to be formed Ionic bond – electron from Na is transferred to Cl, this causes a charge imbalance in each atom. The Na becomes (Na+) and the Cl becomes (Cl-), charged particles or ions. Covalent bond: The attraction that forms between atoms when they share electrons. Bond between two non-metals Compounds Pure substance composed of two or more elements joined by chemical bonds. Can only be separated by chemical reaction, not physically Compounds Properties are different than the elements they are made from Example: Mixtures A combination of two or more pure substances that are not chemically combined. Each item keeps its original properties in the mixture They can be separated physically Chem4kids.com Homogeneous Mixtures Molecules are mixed up in an even distribution Solutions A mixture that appears to be a single substance (smallest size particles) Solute- the substance being dissolved Solvent- the substance in which the solute is being dissolved Water is considered the universal solvent, it will dissolve more substances than any other in the world Examples: sugar water, lemonade, Kool-Aid, soda, air Heterogeneous Mixture Molecules are not mixed up in an even distribution Mixtures vs. Compounds http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/ks3bitesize/science/chemistry/elements_com_mix_6.shtml Can you identify the following? You will be shown a series of photos. Tell if each photo represents an item composed of an element, compound, or mixture. Review: An element contains just one type of atom. A compound contains two or more different atoms joined together. A mixture contains two or more different substances that are only physically joined together, not chemically. A mixture can contain both elements and compounds. Hints to tell the difference: Element, Compound, or Mixture? Rocks Element, Compound, or Mixture? Rocks Element, Compound, or Mixture? Copper Element, Compound, or Mixture? Copper Element, Compound, or Mixture? Jelly Beans Element, Compound, or Mixture? Jelly Beans Element, Compound, or Mixture? Table Sugar Element, Compound, or Mixture? Table Sugar Element, Compound, or Mixture? Diamond Element, Compound, or Mixture? Diamond Element, Compound, or Mixture? Tea Element, Compound, or Mixture? Tea Element, Compound, or Mixture? Salt Element, Compound, or Mixture? Salt Element, Compound, or Mixture? Neon Gas Element, Compound, or Mixture? Neon Gas Element, Compound, or Mixture? Salad Element, Compound, or Mixture? Salad Element, Compound, or Mixture? Pure Water Element, Compound, or Mixture? Pure Water Element, Compound, or Mixture? Aluminum Element, Compound, or Mixture? Aluminum Element, Compound, or Mixture? Lemonade Element, Compound, or Mixture? Lemonade Element, Compound, or Mixture? Silver Element, Compound, or Mixture? Silver Element, Compound, or Mixture? Sand Element, Compound, or Mixture? Sand Classifying Matter Diagrams Examples Air (CO2 + NO2 + H2O) Gold (Au) Glucose (C6H12O6) Oxygen in water (O2 + H2O) Steel (Fe and C) Ocean Water (NaCl + H2O) Sulfur (S) Bronze (Cu + Sn) Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Chlorine Water (H2O + Cl2)